First case report of isolated aspergillus dacryoadenitis

Acharya, Ishan; Basa, Divya; Kavitha, M.

doi:10.4103/0301-4738.187678

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While we largely utilized HSV-1 for this study, the potential susceptibility of glands to a broader spectrum of pathogens should be appreciated. Cases of viral, bacterial, and fungal dacryoadenitis or inflammation of the lacrimal gland are seldom documented in humans, perhaps because treatment of the cornea may also serve to address simultaneous infection of ocular glands (22,37,38). While this study brings light to an unexplored area of ocular infection, further study is required to address the implications of glandular involvement on infection outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ocular Glands Become Infected Secondarily to Infectious Keratitis and Play a Role in Corneal Resistance to Infection

Montgomery

Callegan

Fuller

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Ocular glands play a critical role in eye health through the secretion of factors directly onto the ocular surface. The cornea is a normally transparent tissue necessary for visual acuity located in the anterior segment of the eye. Corneal damage can occur during microbial infection of the cornea, resulting in potentially permanent visual deficits. The involvement of ocular glands during corneal infection has been only briefly described. We hypothesized that ocular glands contribute to resistance as an arm of the eye-associated lymphoid tissue and may also be susceptible to infection secondary to microbial keratitis. Utilizing a mouse model of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis, we found that infection of corneas resulted in subsequent infection of ocular glands, including harderian glands (HGs) and extraorbital glands. Similarly, infection of corneas with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in secondary infection of ocular glands. A robust immune response, characterized by increased numbers of immune cells and inflammatory mediators, occurred within ocular glands following HSV-1 keratitis. Removal of HGs altered corneal resistance to HSV-1, as measured by increased viral load, decreased corneal edema, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. These novel findings suggest that ocular glands are involved in microbial keratitis through their susceptibility to secondary infection and contribution to corneal resistance. IMPORTANCE Microbial keratitis accounts for up to 700,000 clinical visits annually in the United States. The involvement of ocular glands during microbial keratitis is not readily appreciated, and treatment options do not address the consequences of ocular gland dysfunction. The present study shows that ocular glands are susceptible to direct infection by common ocular pathogens, including HSV-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, subsequent to microbial keratitis. Additionally, ocular glands contribute soluble factors that play a role in corneal resistance to HSV-1 and alter viral load, corneal edema, and immune cell infiltration. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs.

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