First Case of Human Rabies in Chile Caused by an Insectivorous Bat Virus Variant

Boianov, M; Popivanov, P; Protich, M

doi:10.3201/eid0801.010108

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several reports have confirmed the rabies virus in both hematophagous and nonhematophagous bats; the former are responsible for rabies outbreaks in Latin America 2 and the latter for sporadic rabies transmission to humans 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. Methods: From 1988 to 2003, the Zoonosis Control Center in São Paulo City performed rabies diagnosis on 5,670 bats by direct immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation test. Blood samples were collected from 1,618 bats and the sera were analyzed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to confirm rabies antibodies. Results: Fortyfour (0.8%) bats were positive for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 5.9% using 0.5IU/ml as a cutoff. Insectivorous bats (69.8%) and bats of the species Molossus molossus (51.8%) constituted the majority of the sample; however, the highest prevalence of antibodies were observed in Glossophaga soricina (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Although not fully proven, infection by this variant has been associated with the paralytic form of the disease, which is less common and more difficult to diagnose 23 . This fact includes rabies as a differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis, although the disease does not appear in the epidemiological measures according to the Health Ministry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

Cabral¹,

Morais²,

Dias³

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Rabies is one of the most known lethal zoonosis, responsible for 55,000 human deaths per year. It is transmitted to humans mainly by the bite of domestic or wild animals infected with the virus. This paper shows the circulation of this virus in non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A survey was performed on the number of bats that had been sent for diagnosis by the Seção de Virologia of the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman and were positive for rabies. The positive animals were identified, and the isolated viruses were sent for antigenic typification with indirect immunofluorescence. The results were compared with the antigenic panel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: During 2001-2010, the laboratory received 555 non-hematophagous bats for rabies diagnosis, with 198 (35.7%) from Rio de Janeiro City. A total of 11 (5.5%) animals were positive for this disease. Antigenic typification revealed the predominance of variant 3 in 9 (81.8%) of the isolated viruses; 1 virus was classified as variant 4 and 1 variant was identified that segregated with the viruses in insectivorous bats. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study showed the presence of the rabies virus in synanthropic populations of non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro. The circulation of this agent in these animals represents a serious risk to human and animal health and requires attention and control measures by the authorities.

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“…En Chile, la rabia ha experimentado una disminución signifi cativa en los últimos años, cambiando su patrón epidemiológico desde una forma endémica en la década de 1950 a 1960, con numerosos casos humanos y animales, a la presentación de casos esporádicos en la década de 1970 5 y fi nalmente a la ausencia de casos humanos desde 1972 hasta 1996, donde se registró el último caso de rabia en el país, cuya fuente de contagio fue un murciélago insectívoro 6 .…”

Section: Universidad Santo Tomásunclassified

Descripción epidemiológica del reservorio de rabia en murciélagos de la Región Metropolitana: Chile. 2000-2009

et al. 2011

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Epidemiología www.sochinf.cl 223Descripción epidemiológica del reservorio de rabia en murciélagos de la Región Metropolitana. Chile. [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] Myriam Favi C., Ángela Bassaletti C., Javier López D., Luis Rodríguez A. y Verónica Yung P.Epidemiological description of rabies reservoir in bats in the Metropolitan Region. Chile. [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] In Chile, in 1985 rabies was detected in insectivorous bats. Since then the epidemiological surveillance activities was extended to these species and the epidemiological pattern was characterized as endemic in bats. In this study we analyzed positive rabies cases in the Metropolitan Region between 2000 and 2009. We identifi ed 325 cases of rabies in 11.472 analyzed samples. We determined an increase of positivity cases in bats between the years of the study. Places with the highest number of positives cases were Las Condes, Santiago, Providencia, Puente Alto and Ñuñoa. In 147 cases we identify the circumstances in which the bat was found: 89 inside, 45 outside the building and 13 in public spaces. In 39 cases there was contact with humans or animals. These results reinforce the relevance of educating the population against the contact with bats and allow health authorities to take early surveillance and control measures.Key words: Rabies, bats, rabies epidemiology. Palabras clave: Rabia, murciélagos, epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Pública deChile (MFC, LRA, VYP). Universidad Santo TomásFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria (ABC, JLD). Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interésRecibido: 30 de septiembre de 2010 Aceptado: 8 de marzo de 2011Correspondencia a:Introducción L a rabia es una zoonosis milenaria de gran importancia en salud pública, ganadería y economía, por su amplia distribución y propagación entre reservorios animales. Esta enfermedad sigue siendo una de las causas virales de muerte más común en el mundo en vías de desarrollo 1 .La rabia es una infección aguda del sistema nervioso central, casi siempre mortal. El virus comúnmente se transmite a los humanos por mordida de un animal rabioso o por el contacto con la saliva de éste 2 .En América, durante la última década, el promedio anual de rabia humana fue de 61 casos y el de rabia canina de 1.759 casos, siendo la fuente de contagio tanto animales domésticos como silvestres 3 .Eliminar la rabia humana transmitida por perros ha sido un gran desafío para la Región de Las Américas. Esta decisión fue tomada en la década de los 80 por todos los estados miembros de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), disminuyendo durante el período 1982-2003 el número de casos de rabia humana en 91% 4 .En Chile, la rabia ha experimentado una disminución signifi cativa en los últimos años, cambiando su patrón epidemiológico desde una forma endémica en la década de 1950 a 1960, con numerosos casos humanos y animales, a la presentación de casos esporádicos en la década de 1970 5 y fi nalmente a la ausencia de casos humanos desde 1...

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First Case of Human Rabies in Chile Caused by an Insectivorous Bat Virus Variant

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

Descripción epidemiológica del reservorio de rabia en murciélagos de la Región Metropolitana: Chile. 2000-2009

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