First Case of Autochthonous Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Urban Center of Rio De Janeiro: Case Report

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, especially Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, and is transmitted to humans by the bite of sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis. There are many reservoirs, including Canis familiaris. It is a chronic infectious disease with systemic involvement that is characterized by three phases: the initial period, the state period and the final period. The main symptoms are fever, malnutrition, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. This article reports a case of a patient diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis in the final period following autochthonous transmission in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro. The case reported here is considered by the Municipal Civil Defense and Health Surveillance of Rio de Janeiro to be the first instance of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in humans in the urban area of this city. The patient was discharged and is undergoing a follow-up at the outpatient clinic, demonstrating clinical improvement.

Contribution to the Knowledgment of Feeding Habbits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in Association to Natural Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1937)

“…From the analyses performed with the few (13) copies from Rio de Janeiro (RJ), one specimen was detected with human blood DNA. This fact corroborates with the ndings that already indicated the local transmission, demonstrating the rst urban focus of the city in the Bairro do Caju; the autochthonous human case, canine cases due to visceral leishmaniasis and vector ndings (L. (L.) longipalpis) [50][51][52][53].…”

A Review on Major Risk Factors and Current Status of Visceral Leishmaniasis in North India

“…Sixty-six countries in the world have been reported confirmed kala-azar cases [2,3]. The spatial distribution of leishmaniasis also seems to expand in the Southern parts of Europe [4,5] and in the Central Europe where the foremost cases of autochthonous origin are recently reported [6].…”

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis/HIV Coinfection Presented as a Diffuse Desquamative Rash

“…Transmission occurs through a vector, a sandfly of the genus Lutzomyia , with Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia currently known. Leishmaniasis is endemic where the vector, the animals that act as hosts, and reservoirs of the disease are found [ 8 ].…”