First Aqueous Chemistry with Seaborgium (Element 106)

Schädel, M.; Brüchle, W.; Schausten, Β.; Schimpf, E.; Jäger, E.; Wirth, G.; Günther, Rolf W.; Kratz, Jens Volker; Paulus, Wolfgang; Seibert, Α.; Thörle, P.; Trautmann, Ν.; Zauner, Stefan; Schumann, D.; Andrassy, M.; Misiak, R.; Gregorich, Κ. Ε.; Hoffman, D.C.; Lee, D. M.; Sylwester, E. R.; Nagame, Y.; Oura, Y.

doi:10.1524/ract.1997.77.3.149

Cited by 77 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is then necessary, in order to get statistically significant result, to repeat the same experiment several hundred or even several thousand times with a cycle time of typically 1 min. These discontinuous studies were either performed manually [55,[63][64][65][66][67][68] or with the Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus ARCA II [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] or with the Automated Ion-exchange separation apparatus coupled with the Detection system for Alpha spectroscopy AIDA [81].…”

Section: Aqueous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Kratz¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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Rapid automated chemical separations / Liquid-liquid extraction / Ion exchange /Reversed-phase extraction chromatography / α-particle spectroscopy / Relativistic effects Summary. The experimental techniques developed to perform rapid chemical separations of the heaviest elements in the aqueous phase are presented. In general, these include transport of the nuclear reaction products to a separation device by the gas-jet technique and dissolution in an aqueous solution containing inorganic ligands for complex formation. The complexes are chemically characterized by a partition method which can be liquid-liquid extraction, ion-exchangeor reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The separated fractions are quickly evaporated to dryness for the preparation of samples for α-particle spectroscopy. Comments are given on the special situation in which chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. Theoretical predictions of chemical properties are compared to the presently known chemical behaviour of rutherfordium, Rf (element 104), dubnium, Db (element 105), seaborgium, Sg (element 106), and hassium, Hs (element 108) and to that of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table in order to assess the role of relativistic effects in the chemistry of the heaviest elements.

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Section: Aqueous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automated separations with ARCA II were performed with element 104 [75,79] [73,74,76]. ARCA II is a computer controlled apparatus for fast, repetitive High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) separations [80].…”

Section: Aqueous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Kratz¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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“…Preliminary results of the first chemical separations of Sg conducted with OLGA and ARCA in 1995 and 1996 have now been reported (12,13). Isothermal gas chromatography experiments on the oxychlorides were conducted with OLGA followed by unambiguous detection of 265+266 Sg via the α-decay chains.…”

Section: Renaissance and New Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Hoffman

Lee

1999

J. Chem. Educ.

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FutureMore "In-Depth" Chemical Studies Chemistry beyond Seaborgium? 93 NpIn keeping with the goal of the Viewpoints series of the Journal of Chemical Education, this article gives a 75-year perspective of the chemistry of the heaviest elements, including a 50-year retrospective view of past developments, a summary of current research achievements and applications, and some predictions about exciting, new developments that might be envisioned within the next 25 years. A historical perspective of the importance of chemical separations in the discoveries of the transuranium elements from neptunium (Z = 93) through mendelevium (Z = 101) is given. The development of techniques for studying the chemical properties of mendelevium and still heavier elements on the basis of measuring the radioactive decay of a single atom ("atom-at-a-time" chemistry) and combining the results of many separate experiments is reviewed. The influence of relativistic effects (expected to increase as Z 2 ) on chemical properties is discussed. The results from recent atom-at-a-time studies of the chemistry of the heaviest elements through seaborgium (Z = 106) are summarized and show that their properties cannot be readily predicted based on simple extrapolation from the properties of their lighter homologues in the periodic table. The prospects for extending chemical studies to still heavier elements than seaborgium are considered and appear promising.

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“…Recently, periodic tables similar to the one shown in Fig. 4 have been proposed (11)(12)(13). The first five actinides are shown in a stairstep arrangement leading from Rf down to the trivalent actinides, Am and Cm, to reflect the similarities in chemical behavior between the early actinides and the elements in groups 4 to 8.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An additional 8 atoms of its radioactive decay product, 256 Fm, were also separated and measured. Atom-at-a-time chemical studies have now been performed on all of these elements-the first studies on Sg were reported by Schädel et al (12,13) in 1997. The chart of the known isotopes of Sg through element 112 is given in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of the heaviest elements--one atom at a time

Hoffman¹,

Lee²

2000

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First Aqueous Chemistry with Seaborgium (Element 106)

Cited by 77 publications

References 33 publications

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Chemistry of the heaviest elements--one atom at a time

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