First Application of Axial Speed of Sound to Follow Up Injured Equine Tendons

Vergari, Claudio; Pourcelot, Philippe; Ravary-Plumioën, Bérangère; Dupays, Anne-Gaëlle; Denoix, Jean‐Marie; Mitton, David; Laugier, Pascal; Crevier-Denoix, Nathalie

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.10.008

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…46,51 Both axial speed of sound analysis and kinematic evaluation have revealed a gradual return of variables to values expected for noninjured tendons during healing of SDFTs in horses; however, only the initial course of the healing process was examined. 19,45 Of the 3 methods of sonographic evaluation of tendon function currently being investigated in veterinary species (elastography, measurement of the axial speed of sound, and AEG), only the measurement of the axial speed of sound has been successfully used to identify surgically induced tendon injury and monitor healing. 19,20 Unfortunately, this measurement technique requires the use of specialized transducers designed to fit the anatomic region of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,45 Of the 3 methods of sonographic evaluation of tendon function currently being investigated in veterinary species (elastography, measurement of the axial speed of sound, and AEG), only the measurement of the axial speed of sound has been successfully used to identify surgically induced tendon injury and monitor healing. 19,20 Unfortunately, this measurement technique requires the use of specialized transducers designed to fit the anatomic region of interest. 19,20 Multiple specialized transducers would be needed to evaluate different locations along a limb or equids with large variation in size, such as draft or pony breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Previous strain measurement techniques are poorly adaptable to veterinary medicine because of invasiveness, necessity for unrealistic levels of patient cooperation, expense, and specialized equipment requirements. Preliminary studies of noninvasive, sonographic methods for evaluation of tendon function in veterinary species have been based on elastography, 17 measurement of the axial speed of sound, [18][19][20][21][22] or acoustoelasticity. 23,24 These techniques currently offer the greatest potential for practical clinical application in horses with tendon injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although both of these shortcomings could be addressed by measurement of axial speed of sound, the specialized transducers required for this technique limit the potential for widespread clinical use. 19,20 Acoustoelasticity is a mathematical theory that relates changes in innate acoustic characteristics, including the speed and amplitude of propagating sound waves, to deformation applied to a target material. Acoustoelastography is a postprocessing ultrasoundbased tissue evaluation technique derived from this theory.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility and feasibility of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons of clinically normal horses

Ellison

Duenwald-Kuehl²,

Forrest³

et al. 2014

ajvr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reproducibility and feasibility of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons of clinically normal horses

Ellison

Duenwald-Kuehl²,

Forrest³

et al. 2014

ajvr

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show abstract

“…For instance, SOS measurements are currently being applied to non-invasively evaluate tendon load (Pourcelot et al, 2005a) during locomotion; the influence of track surface on equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) has been investigated with this technique (CrevierDenoix et al, 2009a), while preliminary results have been reported for load evaluation in human Achilles tendons (Pourcelot et al, 2005b;Roux and Defontaine, 2005). Moreover, preliminary studies have been performed to evaluate the potential of axial SOS measurement in the follow-up of tendon lesions (Vergari et al, 2012a;Vergari et al, 2012b). This technique, based on the speed measurement of ultrasound signals propagating in the tendon's axial direction, was originally developed for bone properties assessment (Foldes et al, 1995;Lowet and Van der Perre, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial speed of sound is related to tendon's nonlinear elasticity

Vergari

Ravary-Plumioën

Evrard

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanics

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Axial speed of sound (SOS) measurements have been successfully applied to noninvasively evaluate tendon load, while preliminary studies showed that this technique also has a potential clinical interest in the follow up of tendon injuries. The ultrasound propagation theory predicts that the SOS is determined by the effective stiffness, mass density and Poisson's ratio of the propagating medium. Tendon stiffness characterizes the tissue's mechanical quality, but it is often measured in quasi-static condition and for entire tendon segments, so it might not be the same as the effective stiffness which determines the SOS.The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relationship between axial SOS and tendon's nonlinear elasticity, measured in standard laboratory conditions, and to evaluate if tendon's mass density and cross-sectional area (CSA) affect the SOS level.Axial SOS was measured during in vitro cycling of 9 equine superficial digital tendons. Each tendon's stiffness was characterized with a tangent modulus (the continuous derivative of the true stress / true strain curve) and an elastic modulus (the slope of this curve's linear region).Tendon's SOS was found to linearly vary with the square root of the tangent modulus during loading; tendon's SOS level was found correlated to the elastic modulus's square root and inversely correlated to the tendon's CSA, but it was not affected by tendon's mass density. These results confirm that tendon's tangent and elastic moduli, measured in laboratory conditions, are related to axial SOS and they represent one of its primary determinants.

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Lower material stiffness in rupture-repaired Achilles tendon during walking: transmission-mode ultrasound for post-surgical tendon evaluation

Wulf

Shanker

Schuetz

et al. 2017

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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potential between-limb differences in TSOU, GRF, ankle motion, and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Results TSOU was significantly lower (≈175 m/s) in the repaired than in the contralateral AT over the entire gait cycle (P < 0.05). Sagittal ankle motion was significantly greater (≈3°) in the repaired than in the contralateral limb (P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in GRF or spatiotemporal parameters between limbs. Conclusions Repaired AT was characterised by a lower TSOU, reflecting a lower material stiffness in the repaired tendon than in the contralateral tendon. A lower material stiffness may underpin greater ankle joint motion of the repaired limb during walking and long-term deficits in the muscle-tendon unit reported with AT repair. Treatment and rehabilitation approaches that focus on increasing the material stiffness of the repaired AT may be clinically beneficial. Transmission-mode ultrasound would seem useful for quantifying tendon properties post AT rupture repair and may have the potential to individually guide AbstractPurpose This cross-sectional study used transmissionmode ultrasound to evaluate dynamic tendon properties during walking in surgically repaired and contralateral Achilles tendon (AT), with a median (range) post-operative period of 22 (4-58)

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First Application of Axial Speed of Sound to Follow Up Injured Equine Tendons

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Reproducibility and feasibility of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons of clinically normal horses

Reproducibility and feasibility of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons of clinically normal horses

Axial speed of sound is related to tendon's nonlinear elasticity

Lower material stiffness in rupture-repaired Achilles tendon during walking: transmission-mode ultrasound for post-surgical tendon evaluation

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