First- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Northwest Ethiopia

Tessema, Belay; Beer, J; Emmrich, Frank; Sack, Ulrich; Rodloff, Arne C.

doi:10.5588/ijtld.11.0522

Cited by 56 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Similar results were reported in other studies [22, 23, 39]. Whereas other studies from different parts of Ethiopia showed lack of association between HIV infection and drug resistance [19, 21, 40]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is relatively higher than previous reports from other parts of Ethiopia, such as Jimma (18.4%) [19], Arsi, (18.2%) [20], and Gondar (10.7%) [21]. A comparable rate of resistance (21%) [22] was reported from Addis Ababa, whereas higher rates of resistance (32.5%) [3], (30.1%) [23], and (25%) [24] have also been reported from similar surveys in the country in the previous years.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…This is lower than similar studies conducted in other parts of Ethiopia [22–24] while a lower proportion of resistance was reported elsewhere [19, 21]. But, investigators from sub-Saharan African countries reported a higher rate of 14.8% in Benin [32] and 12.9% in Uganda [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Studies conducted in Ethiopia between 1984 and 2012 indicated that primary resistance to rifampicin ranges from 0% to 1.9% [12, 13, 21, 34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Seyoum

Demissie

Worku

et al. 2014

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

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The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P = 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Studies conducted in Ethiopia between 1984 and 2012 indicated that primary resistance to rifampicin ranges from 0% to 1.9% [12, 13, 21, 34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Seyoum

Demissie

Worku

et al. 2014

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

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“…It is a fully automated diagnostic molecular test using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to simultaneously detect M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance mutations in the rpoB gene [13]. The Xpert assay is highly rapid, sensitive and specific in diagnosis of both pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB [8–14]. Furthermore; it was shown to be cost-effective for TB diagnosis compared to microscopy in low and middle income settings [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifampicin-resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients referred to Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrevailing data on rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis is essential for early management of MDR-TB. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive TB cases in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2015. Detection of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin was performed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data was collected using structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Logistic regression analysis was computed to determine the associated factors of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis.ResultsA total of 505 presumptive TB patients included in the study. The prevalence of M. tuberculosis confirmed cases was 117 (23.2%) (95% CI 19.7–27%). It was higher among males (27.9%) than females (17.9%) (AOR: 2.17; CI 1.35–3.49). Of the 117 M. tuberculosis confirmed cases, 12 (10.3%) (95% CI 6.0–17.1%) were resistant to rifampicin. Rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis was noticed in 7 previously treated TB patients (17.1%) and 5 treatment naive patients (6.7%) (AOR: 4.16; CI 1.04–16.63). The prevalence of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis was 6 (9.8%) and 6 (11.3%) in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections, respectively. Of the 30, MTB/HIV co-infection, 3 (10%) were rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis.ConclusionRifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis is prevalent in both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Previous treatment with anti-TB drugs was significantly associated with rifampicin resistance. Therefore, the use of Gene Xpert should be scaled up across the country for rapid detection and management of drug resistant M. tuberculosis.

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The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType^®MTBDRslassay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs

Theron

Peter

Richardson

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Accurate and rapid tests for tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance are critical for improving patient care and decreasing the transmission of drug-resistant TB. Genotype®MTBDR sl (MTBDR sl ) is the only commercially-available molecular test for detecting resistance in TB to the fluoroquinolones (FQs; ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and the second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs; amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin), which are used to treat patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR-)TB. Objectives To obtain summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy ofMTBDR sl for FQ resistance, SLID resistance and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB; defined asMDR-TB plus resistance to a FQand a SLID) when performed (1) indirectly (ie on culture isolates confirmed as TB positive) and (2) directly (ie on smear-positive sputum specimens). To compare summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of MTBDR sl for FQ resistance, SLID resistance and XDR-TB by type of testing (indirect versus direct testing). The populations of interest were adults with drug-susceptible TB or drug-resistant TB. The settings of interest were intermediate and central laboratories. Search methods We searched the following databases without any language restriction up to 30 January 2014: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; MEDLINE; EMBASE; ISI Web of Knowledge; MEDION; LILACS; BIOSIS; SCOPUS; the metaRegister of Controlled Trials; the search portal of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform; and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Selection criteria We included all studies that determined MTBDR sl accuracy against a defined reference standard (culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST), genetic testing or both).We included cross-sectional and diagnostic case-control studies.We excluded unpublished data and conference proceedings. Data collection and analysis For each study, two review authors independently extracted data using a standardized form and assessed study quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. We performed meta-analyses to estimate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of MTBDR sl for FQ resistance, SLID resistance, and XDR-TB. We explored the influence of different reference standards. We performed the majority of analyses using a bivariate random-effects model against culture-based DST as the reference standard. Main results We included 21 unique studies: 14 studies reported the accuracy of MTBDR sl when done directly, five studies when done indirectly and two studies that did both. Of the 21 studies, 15 studies (71%) were cross-sectional and 11 studies ...

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First- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Rifampicin-resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients referred to Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType^®MTBDRslassay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs

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First- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 56 publications

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Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Rifampicin-resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients referred to Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType®MTBDRslassay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs

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About

The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType^®MTBDRslassay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs