First among Friends: George Fox and The Creation of Quakerism.

Nelson, Byron; Ingle, H. Larry

doi:10.2307/2168646

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Barbour and Frost emphasized Fox's pre-eminent role while also recognizing the contributions of other founders (Barbour and Frost 1988). Bonnelyn Young Kunze, in contrast, insisted that Fox must be contextualized as one of many important founders of the Society of Friends and accused Ingle of vastly underestimating the role of Fox's future wife, Margaret Fell, in shaping the movement, both before and after their marriage in 1669 (Kunze 1994;Kunze 1995). Kunze's work augments the classic treatment of Fell (Ross 1949) and is one of the many recent studies to focus on the role of Quaker women.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest Quakers were outspoken and boisterous, and the sect soon acquired a reputation for promoting dangerous political ideas because their belief in the equality of persons and the absence of a need for a trained clergy could be extended to justify overturning the social and political divisions that were at the core of society in much of the Anglo-American world. Although the Quakers later adopted a more peaceful demeanor and theology, the contemporary understanding of early Quaker ideas in the early years of the group's history resulted in the persecution, imprisonment, and public punishment of converts to the Society of Friends, many of whom were in turn driven from their local communities and, ultimately, from England itself (Lloyd 1950;Tolles 1953;Gwyn 1995;Ingle 1992Ingle , 1994Barbour and Frost 1988;Kunze 1995;Ross 1949;Greaves 2001;Klein 1997).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Our Antient Friends … Are Much Reduced”: Mary and James Wright, the Hopewell Friends Meeting, and Quaker Women in the Southern Backcountry, c. 1720–c. 1790

Knight

2021

Genealogy

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Although the existence of Quakers in Virginia is well known, the best recent surveys of Virginia history devote only passing attention to them, mostly in the context of expanding religious freedoms during the revolutionary era. Few discuss the Quakers themselves or the nature of Quaker settlements although notably, Warren Hofstra, Larry Gragg, and others have studied aspects of the Backcountry Quaker experience. Recent Quaker historiography has reinterpreted the origins of the Quaker faith and the role of key individuals in the movement, including the roles of Quaker women. Numerous studies address Quaker women collectively. Few, however, examine individual families or women of different generations within a single family, and Robynne Rogers Healey has argued for “more biographies of less well-known Quaker women”. This essay uses a four-generation genealogical case study of the Quaker Bowater-Wright family to analyze the development of the Quaker faith in the Virginia backcountry and the lower South and its spread into the Old Northwest. In the backcountry environment, with its geographically isolated settlements and widely dispersed population, early Quaker migrants found fertile ground for both their economic and religious activities. The way of life that developed there differed significantly from the hierarchical Anglican structure of the Tidewater region and the more vocal evangelical groups with their independent congregational structure in the southern backcountry. This article argues that Quaker women played a critical role in shaping Quaker migration and institutional growth in eighteenth and nineteenth century America. It also suggests that the Quaker institutional structure reinforced family connections by creating a close bond that united southern Quakers across a great geographical area.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%