First accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities

Stafford, Thomas W.; Semken, Holmes A.; Graham, Russell W.; Klippel, Walter F.; Маркова, А.К.; Смирнов, Н. Г.; Southon, John

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0903:famscd>2.3.co;2

Cited by 95 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These non-analogue faunas have been shown to be genuine mixtures of animals alive at the same time and place that today are nowhere found in sympatry. The proof that these were genuine communities rather than palimpsest assemblages came in the form of a series of AMS 14 C dates on disparate faunal elements indicative of boreal and more thermophilous conditions (STAFFORD et al 1999). The linking of the phenomena of megafaunal extinction and the disappearance of non-analogue communities would fit very well with the hypothesis put forward by LISTER and SHER (1995) of how the mosaic 'mammoth steppe' habitat was destroyed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Neanderthal extinction as part of the faunal change in Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

Stewart

2007

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series A: Vertebrata

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Abstract. The extinction of the Neanderthals has not been widely considered in the light of the palaeoecology of other mammals. Therefore, a palaeoecological and historical biogeographical analysis of a database of European mammalian fossils for the period covering 60-20 thousand calendar years (approximately OIS 3 and covering the time when Neanderthals became extinct) has been conducted that shed light on the ecological conditions of this period. Broadly the larger mammals in this database form historical biogeographical categories including extant ubiquitous, extant northern and montane, extant eastern, extinct northern and extinct southern taxa. Neanderthals appear to belong to the extinct southern grouping which highlights the lack of attention they had received from the perspective of extinct Late Pleistocene Megafaunal elements. The temporal distribution of taxa confirms the decline towards the Last Glacial Maximum of the southern extinct group and further reveals a decrease in the occurrence of many smaller carnivores. The latter may indicate a decrease in carrying capacity as temperatures decreased which is supported by the decrease in occurrence of mammoths on non-archaeological sites and other similar phenomena documented elsewhere. The geographical distribution of the larger mammals of OIS 3 confirms a retreat towards the South and West of Neanderthals similar to that of the straight-tusked elephant Elephas antiquus and Merck's rhino Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, both of which also became extinct towards the Last Glacial Maximum. The change in geographical distribution of the European wild ass Equus hydruntinus through OIS 3 may be closest to that of the Neanderthals implying similar tolerances. The results of the palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical study of Neanderthals prompt a reconsideration of their supposed adaptations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Neanderthal extinction as part of the faunal change in Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

Stewart

2007

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series A: Vertebrata

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“…in 1997, with the goal of obtaining bones from precise stratigraphic contexts for AMS radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. AMS 14 C dates can be done on individual identified bones of small species because the method requires much less bone (as little as 15 mg, if well preserved chemically) than the 100 -1,000 g needed for conventional ␤-decay 14 C dating (20,21). Thus, AMS 14 C dating eliminates the uncertainty of Stratigraphic profile of the east wall of excavation unit 10, Tongoleleka (site Li7), Lifuka, Tonga.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid prehistoric extinction of iguanas and birds in Polynesia

Steadman

Pregill²,

Burley³

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Tongoleleka archaeological site on Lifuka Island, Kingdom of Tonga, is a rich accumulation of pottery, marine mollusks, and nonhuman bones that represents first human contact on a small island in Remote Oceania Ϸ2,850 years ago. The lower strata contain decorated Lapita-style pottery and bones of an extinct iguana (Brachylophus undescribed sp.) and numerous species of extinct birds. The upper strata instead feature Polynesian Plainware pottery and bones of extant species of vertebrates. A stratigraphic series of 20 accelerator-mass spectrometer radiocarbon dates on individual bones of the iguana, an extinct megapode (Megapodius alimentum), and the non-native chicken (Gallus gallus) suggests that anthropogenic loss of the first two species and introduction of the latter occurred on Lifuka within a time interval too short (a century or less) to be resolved by radiometric dating. The geologically instantaneous prehistoric collapse of Lifuka's vertebrate community contrasts with the much longer periods of faunal depletion on some other islands, thus showing that the elapse time between human arrival and major extinction events was highly variable on oceanic islands as well as on continents.

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“…Barnosky et al 1993;FAUN-MAP Working Group 1996;Jablonski & Sepskoski 1996;Stafford et al 1999), and there is no reason to believe that they would have done so differently in the past. As climate generally cooled from the middle Eocène toward the present, the ranges of species within a clade should have shrunk, on average, toward the equator.…”

Section: Palaeobiogeography and The Latitudinal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new lizard assemblage from the earliest eocene (Zone Wa0) of the bighorn basin, wyoming, USA: Biogeography during the warmest interval of the cenozoic

Smith¹

2009

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

107

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SYNOPSIS Despite two decades of research into the earliest Eocène fossils of the Rocky Mountain interior of North America, almost nothing is known of the squamates (lizards and snakes) from this time, nor of the response of this component of the terrestrial biota to climate change near the PalEocène/Eocène boundary. The present study addresses this lacuna. Sixteen squamate species are described in the earliest Eocène (Wao) Castle Gardens local fauna of the lower-most Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. These include: two new iguanids, a species similar to Geiseltaliellus on the stem of Corytophaninae (basilisks and relatives) and a polychrotine (anoles and relatives); new stem representatives of the xantusiid (night lizard) clades Lepidophyma and Xantusia; a 'higher' amphisbaenian (worm lizard) of indeterminate affinities; six anguids, including a new species on the stem of Anniella (California legless lizards), a ?stem diploglossine (galliwasps), a ?stem gerrhonotine (alligator lizards) and a new glyptosaurine morphologically intermediate between 'melanosaurins' and Glyptosaurini; a new anguimorph of undetermined affinities; and two species compared to the varanid (monitor lizard) taxon Saniwa.At least seven species at Castle Gardens were recent immigrants. The nearest relatives of one of these is obscure, but the other six (three iguanids, stem Lepidophyma, stem Anniella, ?stem Diploglossinae) have living relatives exclusively or almost exclusively confined to warm and frost-free (megathermal) parts of the New World. Among lizards, dispersal coincident with climatic warming near the PalEocène/Eocène boundary was predominantly intracontinental. It is argued that when habitat tracking occurs and phylogenetic niche conservatism obtains, species within a clade could migrate in broad concert in response to climate change. Mid-latitude fossil groups may have contributed directly to the modern tropical biota, making palaeontological data of direct relevance to evaluating historical influences on modern biodiversity patterns.

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First accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities

Cited by 95 publications

References 5 publications

Neanderthal extinction as part of the faunal change in Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

Neanderthal extinction as part of the faunal change in Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

Rapid prehistoric extinction of iguanas and birds in Polynesia

A new lizard assemblage from the earliest eocene (Zone Wa0) of the bighorn basin, wyoming, USA: Biogeography during the warmest interval of the cenozoic

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