“…On the trade union side, several authors demonstrate the importance of the role played by signatory GUFs (Cotton & Royle, 2014; Croucher & Cotton, 2009; McCallum, 2013; Niforou, 2014), their approach to IFAs (Barreau & Ngaha, 2012; Platzer & Rüb, 2014), their degree of representativeness in the relevant supply chains (Josserand & Kaine, 2016), their ability to coordinate their actions with other actors including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) (Croucher & Cotton, 2009; Josserand & Kaine, 2016; McCallum, 2013), and their ability to build a sustainable relationship with the management of multinational companies (Barreau et al, 2020). For others, the effectiveness of IFAs can benefit from structuring union action around these agreements, notably via the involvement of local union actors and the formation of international union alliances (Anner et al, 2006; Hennebert et al, 2018).…”