“…Numerous empirical papers have found the major firm-specific factors influencing the leverage of the firm. In this study, we just focus on several major firm-specific factors: (1) target leverage (Huang & Ritter, 2009;Faulkender et al, 2012;Chauhan & Huseynov, 2018); (2) growth opportunity (Wu & Yeung, 2012;Li & Mauer, 2016); (3) size (Bharath, Pasquariello, & Wu, 2009;Frank & Goyal, 2009;Graham & Leary, 2011); (4) profitability (Danis, Rettl, & Whited, 2014;Frank & Goyal, 2015); (5) volatility earnings (Kale, Noe, & Ramirez, 1991;Graham & Leary, 2011;); and (6) median industry leverage (de Jong, Kabir, & Nguyen, 2008;Frank & Goyal, 2009).…”