Firm- and Drug-Specific Patterns of Generic Drug Payments by US Medicaid Programs: 1991–2008

Kelton, Christina M.L.; Chang, Lenisa V.; Guo, Jeff J.; Yu, Yan; Berry, E.; Bian, Boyang; Heaton, Pamela C.

doi:10.1007/s40258-014-0083-z

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After screening for titles and abstracts 214 citations were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. The remaining 48 articles underwent full-text examination for eligibility, which resulted in the inclusion of ten articles [ 8 – 17 ]. The remaining 38 articles were excluded as they examined policy changes, prescription patterns, or total healthcare expenditures rather than price developments after patent expiry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies focused on 12 different countries over three continents. The majority of the studies focused on or included the USA ( n = 9) [ 6 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 15 – 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 ]. Furthermore, one study focused on Canada [ 14 ], one study on the Netherlands [ 12 ], one on Spain [ 20 ], and four studies assessed the price developments in multiple countries [ 9 , 13 , 19 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, one study focused on Canada [ 14 ], one study on the Netherlands [ 12 ], one on Spain [ 20 ], and four studies assessed the price developments in multiple countries [ 9 , 13 , 19 , 23 ]. In total 16 studies examined the impact of patent expiration on drug list prices over time [ 6 , 8 – 15 , 18 – 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Impact of Patent Expiry on Drug Prices: A Systematic Literature Review

Vondeling

Cao

Postma

et al. 2018

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of patent expiry on drug prices by means of a systematic literature review.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to identify all published literature on the impact of patent expiration on drug prices. Additional literature was identified using a less distinct syntax in Google Scholar and EconLit. Data extraction followed a standardized assessment form containing the domains study type, study aim, reported outcomes, number of drugs and drug classes assessed, and originators or generics assessed.ResultsThe 16 identified studies that assessed impact of patent expiry on drug prices showed that price developments after patent expiration varied between countries. The included studies assessed price developments for the USA, Canada, Australia, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany and France, Spain, Italy, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The number of drugs included within different studies ranged between 1 and 219. The identified studies indicated that drug prices decreased significantly after patent expiry with drug price ratios ranging from 6.6 to 66% 1–5 years after patent expiry.ConclusionDrug prices decrease significantly after patent expiry. The extent of this price reduction varied greatly between products and countries. For this reason, country-specific analyses on price developments after patent expiry should be used when these are considered in decision making. Future research should be dedicated to gathering more country-specific data to reduce the uncertainty with regard to price developments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40258-018-0406-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Patent Expiry on Drug Prices: A Systematic Literature Review

Vondeling

Cao

Postma

et al. 2018

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These differences indicate the opportunities available for encouraging the prescription payment in the state Medicaid fee-for-service system [23]. Medicaid policies for drug reimbursement have a significant impact on promoting the dispensing of generic drugs [24]. Increased reimbursement for generic drugs could incentivize pharmacies to dispense such drugs and increase their utilization thus yielding additional savings on Medicaid FFS programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Medicaid fee-for-service outpatient drug utilization, expenditures, and pharmacy reimbursement rates (2010–2012)

Balkhi¹,

Alshehri²

2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To assess drug utilization and expenditure trends in Medicaid fee-for-service program during the period 2010 -2012 in the United States of America. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of the trend in drug utilization and expenditures in the Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) program was performed using Medicaid state drug utilization data provided by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States. Descriptive analyses were performed for all variables in the study. Association between prescription-drug utilization and reimbursement rate was examined using a linear regression model. Results:The results indicate that prescription-drug utilization of Medicaid FFS program decreased by 20 % during the period (2010 -2012) as also drug expenditure during the same period. Although constituting nearly 70 % and about 75 % of the total drug utilization in 2010 and 2012, respectively, generics represent only around 18 % of the total drug expenditures. No statistically significant association was found between total expenditures and the reimbursement rate. Conclusion: FFS Medicaid drug expenditures decreased from 2010 to 2012 mainly due to a reduction in the total number of prescriptions as also the prices of generic drugs. Thus, higher utilization of generic drugs may offer substantial savings to Medicaid programs at the state level. This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest

show abstract

“…For given prices, RP reduces demand for the brand-name drug while simultaneously making demand more price-elastic. The first effect implies that RP increases the copay-elasticity of brand-name drug demand, whereas the second effect implies that brand-name profits are max- 14 A reference price outside this interval would either imply that there is no difference between FPR and RP (if r > p b ) or that patients are not insured (if r < p i g ). We consider both of these cases to be irrelevant.…”

Section: Fpr Versus Rpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Reference Pricing Drive Out Generic Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets? Evidence from a Policy Reform.

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Re ef fe er re en nc ce e P Pr ri ic ci in ng g D Dr ri iv ve e O Ou ut t G Ge en ne er ri ic c C Co om mp pe et ti it ti io on n i in n P June 2015AbstractIn this paper we study the impact of reference pricing (RP) on entry of generic firms in the pharmaceutical market. For given prices, RP increases generic firms' expected profit, but since RP also stimulates price competition, the impact on generic entry is theoretically ambiguous. In order to empirically test the effects of RP, we exploit a policy reform in Norway in 2005 that exposed a subset of drugs to RP. Having detailed product-level data for a wide set of substances from 2003 to 2013, we find that RP increased the number of generic drugs. We also find that RP increased market shares of generic drugs, reduced the prices of both branded and generic drugs, and led to a (weakly significant) decrease in total drug expenditures. The reduction in total expenditures was relatively smaller than the reduction in average prices, reflecting the fact that lower prices stimulated total demand.

show abstract

Firm- and Drug-Specific Patterns of Generic Drug Payments by US Medicaid Programs: 1991–2008

Abstract: State Medicaid programmes generally have been able to obtain relief from high drug prices following patent expirations for many branded-drug medications by adjusting reimbursement following the expanded competition in the pharmaceutical market.

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The Impact of Patent Expiry on Drug Prices: A Systematic Literature Review

The Impact of Patent Expiry on Drug Prices: A Systematic Literature Review

Trends in Medicaid fee-for-service outpatient drug utilization, expenditures, and pharmacy reimbursement rates (2010–2012)

Does Reference Pricing Drive Out Generic Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets? Evidence from a Policy Reform.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About