Fires increase Amazon forest productivity through increases in diffuse radiation

Rap, A.; Spracklen, D. V.; Mercado, Lina M.; Reddington, Carly L.; Haywood, Jim M.; Ellis, Rich; Phillips, Oliver L.; Artaxo, Paulo; Bonal, Damien; Restrepo‐Coupe, Natalia; Butt, Nathalie

doi:10.1002/2015gl063719

Cited by 102 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…By scattering solar radiation and increasing the ratio of diffuse to direct radiation at the surface, aerosol can enhance photosynthesis over tropical forests, increasing net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon uptake (Rap et al, 2015;Mercado et al, 2009). On the other hand, tropospheric ozone produced due to NOx emissions from fires can damage plants, reducing NPP (Pacifico et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biomass burning aerosols in the HadGEM3 climate model with observations from the SAMBBA field campaign

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We present observations of biomass burning aerosol from the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) and other measurement campaigns, and use these to evaluate the representation of biomass burning aerosol properties and processes in a state-of-the-art climate model. The evaluation includes detailed comparisons with aircraft and ground data, along with remote sensing observations from MODIS and AERONET. We demonstrate several improvements to aerosol properties following the implementation of the Global Model for Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP-mode) modal aerosol scheme in the HadGEM3 climate model. This predicts the particle size distribution, composition, and optical properties, giving increased accuracy in the representation of aerosol properties and physical-chemical processes over the Coupled Largescale Aerosol Scheme for Simulations in Climate Models (CLASSIC) bulk aerosol scheme previously used in HadGEM2. Although both models give similar regional distributions of carbonaceous aerosol mass and aerosol optical depth (AOD), GLOMAP-mode is better able to capture the observed size distribution, single scattering albedo, and Ångström exponent across different tropical biomass burning source regions. Both aerosol schemes overestimate the uptake of water compared to recent observations, CLAS-SIC more so than GLOMAP-mode, leading to a likely overestimation of aerosol scattering, AOD, and single scattering albedo at high relative humidity. Observed aerosol vertical distributions were well captured when biomass burning aerosol emissions were injected uniformly from the surface to 3 km. Finally, good agreement between observed and modelled AOD was gained only after scaling up GFED3 emissions by a factor of 1.6 for CLASSIC and 2.0 for GLOMAPmode. We attribute this difference in scaling factor mainly to different assumptions for the water uptake and growth of aerosol mass during ageing via oxidation and condensation of organics. We also note that similar agreement with observed AOD could have been achieved with lower scaling factors if the ratio of organic carbon to primary organic matter was increased in the models toward the upper range of observed values. Improved knowledge from measurements is required to reduce uncertainties in emission ratios for black carbon and organic carbon, and the ratio of organic carbon to primary organic matter for primary emissions from biomass burning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biomass burning aerosols in the HadGEM3 climate model with observations from the SAMBBA field campaign

et al. 2016

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“…The estimated NPP changes of 8 Tg C yr −1 by the radiative effects of boreal fire aerosols are much weaker than the enhancement of 78-156 Tg C yr −1 by fires in the Amazon basin (Rap et al, 2015). There are at least two reasons for such a difference in the DFE between boreal and Amazon fire aerosols.…”

Section: Roles Of Aerosol Climatic Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Wildfires in Alaska and Canada directly emit 68 Tg C yr −1 at the 2010s, resulting in enhancement of summer AOD by 35 % and diffuse radiation by 1.7 %. These boreal emissions are much smaller than the ∼ 240 Tg C yr −1 in the Amazon basin (van der Werf et al, 2010), where fires enhance regional PM 2.5 concentrations by 85 % and diffuse radiation by 6.2 % in dry seasons (Rap et al, 2015). Second, larger solar insolation at lower latitudes allows stronger DFE for the same unit change of diffuse radiation.…”

Section: Roles Of Aerosol Climatic Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Consequently, photosynthesis of the whole ecosystem will increase as long as the total light availability is not compromised (Kanniah et al, 2012). Rap et al (2015) estimated that biomass burning aerosols increase Amazon NPP by 78-156 Tg C yr −1 , which offsets about half of the damage caused by fire O 3 (Pacifico et al, 2015). In contrast, strong light attenuation associated with high aerosol loading may decrease canopy photosynthesis (Cohan et al, 2002;Oliveira et al, 2007;Cirino et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future inhibition of ecosystem productivity by increasing wildfire pollution over boreal North America

Yue¹,

Strada²,

Unger³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Biomass burning is an important source of tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) and aerosols. These air pollutants can affect vegetation photosynthesis through stomatal uptake (for O 3 ) and light scattering and absorption (for aerosols). Wildfire area burned is projected to increase significantly in boreal North America by the mid-century, while little is known about the impacts of enhanced emissions on the terrestrial carbon budget. Here, combining site-level and satellite observations and a carbon-chemistry-climate model, we estimate the impacts of fire emitted O 3 and aerosols on net primary productivity (NPP) over boreal North America. Fire emissions are calculated based on an ensemble projection from 13 climate models. In the present day, wildfire enhances surface O 3 by 2 ppbv (7 %) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm by 0.03 (26 %) in the summer. By mid-century, area burned is predicted to increase by 66 % in boreal North America, contributing more O 3 (13 %) and aerosols (37 %). Fire O 3 causes negligible impacts on NPP because ambient O 3 concentration (with fire contributions) is below the damage threshold of 40 ppbv for 90 % summer days. Fire aerosols reduce surface solar radiation but enhance atmospheric absorption, resulting in enhanced air stability and intensified regional drought. The domain of this drying is confined to the north in the present day but extends southward by 2050 due to increased fire emissions. Consequently, wildfire aerosols enhance NPP by 72 Tg C yr −1 in the present day but decrease NPP by 118 Tg C yr −1 in the future, mainly because of the soil moisture perturbations. Our results suggest that future wildfire may accelerate boreal carbon loss, not only through direct emissions increasing from 68 Tg C yr −1 at present day to 130 Tg C yr −1 by mid-century but also through the biophysical impacts of fire aerosols.

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“…Ocorre também, um aumento da fração difusa da radiação solar (YAMASOE; ROSÁRIO, 2009), que, particularmente na região espectral fotossinteticamente ativa, pode aumentar a capacidade de fotossíntese, pois a radiação penetra de modo mais eficiente no dossel e atinge folhas sombreadas (YAMASOE et al, 2006). Por exemplo, nuvens de fumaça da queima de biomassa, provocam aumentar da produtividade das planta, através do aumento da quantidade de radiação difusa (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007;DOUGHTY et al, 2010;RAP et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Relação Entre Profundidade Óptica De Aerossóis E Radiação Fotossinteticamente Ativa E Global No Cerrado Mato-Grossense

et al. 2017

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Resumo:As ações antrópicas, em especial a queima de biomassa, são as principais responsáveis pelo envio de aerossóis para a atmosfera, e esse particulado exerce influência sobre o balanço de energia e os ciclos hidrológicos, fazendo com que o seu estudo seja inerente à compreensão desses processos. Cientes disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi obter uma relação entre a profundidade ótica dos aerossóis (POA) e a radiação solar incidente em área de Cerrado em MT. Utilizou-se dados de POA coletados de jan/2010 a dez/2012, obtidos pela rede AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network -NASA). Esses dados foram analisados em conjunto com dados de focos de queimadas, sendo possível encontrar altos valores de POA nas estações secas, chegando a uma média de 3,8 em 2010. Tanto a radiação global (R g ) quanto a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) tem correlação significativa (p < 0.01 para 2011 e 2013, p < 0.05 para 2011) com POA, e altos valores de POA correspondem a uma quantidade significativa de particulados na atmosfera, diminuindo a intensidade da radiação solar e provocando alterações de sua distribuição no sistema superfície-atmosfera.Palavras-chave: Radiação solar. AERONET. Balanço de radiação. Queimadas. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AEROSOLS OPTICAL DEPTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY AND GLOBAL RADIATION IN A SAVANNA OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZILAbstract: The anthropic activities, particularly the biomass burning, are the main responsible source of aerosols to the atmosphere, and this particulate matter influences the regional energy balance and hydrological cycle, studying this is inherent to the understanding of these processes. The goal of this study is obtain a relationship

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Fires increase Amazon forest productivity through increases in diffuse radiation

Cited by 102 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluation of biomass burning aerosols in the HadGEM3 climate model with observations from the SAMBBA field campaign

Evaluation of biomass burning aerosols in the HadGEM3 climate model with observations from the SAMBBA field campaign

Future inhibition of ecosystem productivity by increasing wildfire pollution over boreal North America

Relação Entre Profundidade Óptica De Aerossóis E Radiação Fotossinteticamente Ativa E Global No Cerrado Mato-Grossense

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