Fired clay bricks incorporating palm oil fuel ash as a sustainable building material: an industrial-scale experiment

Djamaluddin, A. R.; Caronge, Muhammad Akbar; Tjaronge, M. W.; Irmawaty, Rita

doi:10.1080/19397038.2020.1821403

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Figure 15 represents the compressive strength values versus the water absorption level of the different materials found in the literature. Results show that our material is mechanically stronger and has a lower water absorption rate compared to Clay/Sugarcane bagasse ashes [17], Clay/Waste sugarcane bagasse ashes [4], and Clay/palm oil fuel ash [14]. However, it is less strong than Clay/Wood ash [16], Clay/ Sugarcane bagasse ashes [15], and Clay/ Bottom ash [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…16 that our material has the lowest thermal conductivity (0.415 W/m.K) compared to Clay/ Sugarcane bagasse ashes [15], Clay/Rice husk ash [16], Clay/ Bottom ash [20], and Clay/Wood ash [16]. Furthermore, it shows a high bulk density level of 1872 kg/m 3 , close to the Clay/ Sugarcane bagasse ashes [15], and higher than Clay/Waste sugarcane bagasse ashes [4], and Clay/palm oil fuel ash [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This study aims to advance the recyclability of this waste thought using it as clay substitute raw material in fired clay brick manufacturing, visualizing its effect on the thermal, physical, and mechanical properties and optimizing the quantity of the ash to be added. Most previous studies have followed a controlled firing temperature in a laboratory scale to prepare bricks [5,19,21,22]. However, conventional bricks are generally manufactured on a large scale using a brick kiln.…”

Section: Research Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the experiments were carried out following the standard clay analysis protocol [13]. The obtained diffractograms were evaluated using the X" Pert HighScore Plus software, and the mineral phases were defined by matching the ICDD database to diffraction peaks [14,15]. The chemical composition of the raw materials was determined using "Axion" X-ray fluorescence spectrometer 1 kW wavelength dispersion.…”

Section: Raw Materials Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature review also shows that many researchers have studied biomass ash performance as a construction material additive. Djamaluddin et al [14] looked into using palm oil fuel ash as a clay substitute in brick making. It was found that the addition of oil fuel ash decreases the compressive strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Olive Pomace Bottom Ash (by-Product of the Clay Brick Industry) for Manufacturing Sustainable Fired Clay Bricks

Boukili

Ouakarrouch

Lechheb

et al. 2021

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The present work investigates the effect of using olive pomace bottom ash, the by-product of the clay brick industry, as an additive in the manufacture of fired clay bricks. Furthermore, it aims to improve the properties of clay bricks by using naturally available materials and also to develop an innovative way of recycling the waste resulting from the brick firing process. Olive pomace bottom ash was added to clay with multiple proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by weight. Bricks were molded by compression at 6.5 MPa, using a hydraulic brick press machine, and fired in an industrial scale furnace. The physicochemical, mineral, and geotechnical properties of raw materials were identified to study raw materials' effect on the final fired products' performance. The quality of fired specimens was determined by bulk density, linear shrinkage, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. In fact, samples with 5% olive pomace ash represent the highest compressive strength level, 11.5 MPa, compared to 9.65 MPa of reference samples. On the other hand, additions up to 20% increase the brick sample's porosity from 18.28% to 34% for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, and decrease the brick's bulk density from 1522 kg/m 3 to 1431 kg/m 3 for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively. The incorporation of ash also improves the thermal conductivity of brick specimens. Expressly, thermal conductivity went from 0.41 W/m.K to 0.33 W/m.K for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, showing 37% of gain in thermal insulating properties of brick. Unfortunately, the capillary water absorption coefficient increases to 28% when 20% of additive is incorporated, which is not desired in the properties of construction materials. ASTMC67-07a standards: 2003, recommend water absorption level less than 17% for bricks with moderate weathering resistance. It was concluded that the addition of olive pomace bottom ash should not exceed 10% since it can be helpful in fired clay brick production based on standards requirements, leading to remarkable ecological gains without a loss of brick's performances.

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