Firebird― Small Satellites for Wild Fire Assessment

Halle, Winfried; Asam, Sarah; Borg, Erik; Fischer, Christian; Frauenberger, Olqf; Lorenz, Eckehard; Klein, Doris; Nolde, Michael; Paproth, Carsten; Plank, Simon; Richter, Rudolf; Sduberlich, Thomas; Soszynska, Agnieszka; Strobl, Christian

doi:10.1109/igarss.2018.8519246

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The mission is operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Both satellites carry an infrared camera system receptive in the mid-and long wave infrared ranges (MWIR/LWIR), as well as in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges [7]. The sensor system has been named HSRS (Hot Spot Recognition System).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DLR FireBIRD Small Satellite Mission: Evaluation of Infrared Data for Wildfire Assessment

Nolde

Plank

Richter³

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Wildfires significantly influence ecosystem patterns and processes on a global scale. In many cases, they pose a threat to human lives and property. Through greenhouse gas emissions, wildfires also directly contribute to climate change. The monitoring of such events and the analysis of acquired data is crucial for understanding wildfire and ecosystem interactions. The FireBIRD small satellite mission, operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), was specifically designed for the detection of wildfires. It features a higher spatial resolution than available with other Earth-observation systems. In addition to the detection of active fire locations, the system also allows the derivation of fire intensity by means of the Fire Radiative Power (FRP). This indicator can be used as a basis to derive the amount of emitted pollutant, which makes it valuable for climate studies. With the FireBIRD mission facing its end of life in 2021, this study retrospectively evaluates the performance of the system through an inter-comparison with data from two satellite missions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and discusses the potential of such a system. The comparison is performed regarding both geometrical and radiometric aspects, the latter focusing on the FRP. This study uses and compares two different methods to derive the FRP from FireBIRD data. The data are analyzed regarding six major fire incidents in different regions of the world. The FireBIRD results are in accordance with the reference data, showing a geometrical overlapping rate of 83% and 84% regarding MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) overpasses in close temporal proximity. Furthermore, the results show a positive bias in FRP of about 11% compared to MODIS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DLR FireBIRD Small Satellite Mission: Evaluation of Infrared Data for Wildfire Assessment

Nolde

Plank

Richter³

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…We compared the results of the proposed method with the results of the Zhukov approach [38] for different case studies and found a good agreement of the results of both approaches, e.g., Halle et al [39].…”

Section: Hotspot Detection and Subpixel Analysismentioning

confidence: 64%

Monitoring of the 2015 Villarrica Volcano Eruption by Means of DLR’s Experimental TET-1 Satellite

et al. 2018

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Villarrica Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the South Andes Volcanic Zone. This article presents the results of a monitoring of the time before and after the 3 March 2015 eruption by analyzing nine satellite images acquired by the Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), a small experimental German Aerospace Center (DLR) satellite. An atmospheric correction of the TET-1 data is presented, based on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Database (GDEM) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water vapor data with the shortest temporal baseline to the TET-1 acquisitions. Next, the temperature, area coverage, and radiant power of the detected thermal hotspots were derived at subpixel level and compared with observations derived from MODIS and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data. Thermal anomalies were detected nine days before the eruption. After the decrease of the radiant power following the 3 March 2015 eruption, a stronger increase of the radiant power was observed on 25 April 2015. In addition, we show that the eruption-related ash coverage of the glacier at Villarrica Volcano could clearly be detected in TET-1 imagery. Landsat-8 imagery was analyzed for comparison. The information extracted from the TET-1 thermal data is thought be used in future to support and complement ground-based observations of active volcanoes.

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“…Increased use of videos (such as from SkySat and Vivid-i) and night-time imagery (such as Earth Remote Observation System EROS-B or Jilin-1) for disaster response and rapid scientific analysis of an earthquake can be expected in this coming decade. In 2016, the German Aerospace agency (DLR) launched their Bi-Spectral Infrared Optical System (BIROS) to detect high-temperature events, often forest fires as part of a Firebird constellation comprising an earlier instrument (Halle et al 2018). This is an enhancement of ~ 200 m ground sampling over previous lower resolution systems such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 1 km, offering the potential for identifying smaller fires that could be useful in post-earthquake triggered fires within cities.…”

Section: Earthquake Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Observation for the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disaster Management

Elliott

2020

Surv Geophys

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Earthquakes pose a significant hazard, and due to the growth of vulnerable, exposed populations, global levels of seismic risk are increasing. In the past three decades, a dramatic improvement in the volume, quality and consistency of satellite observations of solid earth processes has occurred. I review the current Earth Observing (EO) systems commonly used for measuring earthquake and crustal deformation that can help constrain the potential sources of seismic hazard. I examine the various current contributions and future potential for EO data to feed into aspects of the earthquake disaster management cycle. I discuss the implications that systematic assimilation of Earth Observation data has for the future assessment of seismic hazard and secondary hazards, and the contributions it will make to earthquake disaster risk reduction. I focus on the recent applications of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and increasingly the use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for the derivation of crustal deformation and these data’s contribution to estimates of hazard. I finish by examining the outlook for EO in geohazards in both science and decision-making, as well as offering some recommendations for an enhanced acquisition strategy for SAR data.

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Firebird― Small Satellites for Wild Fire Assessment

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The DLR FireBIRD Small Satellite Mission: Evaluation of Infrared Data for Wildfire Assessment

The DLR FireBIRD Small Satellite Mission: Evaluation of Infrared Data for Wildfire Assessment

Monitoring of the 2015 Villarrica Volcano Eruption by Means of DLR’s Experimental TET-1 Satellite

Earth Observation for the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disaster Management

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