Firearm locking device preferences among firearm owners in the USA: a systematic review

Abstract

Background Preventing firearm-involved injuries is a critical public health priority. Firearm locking devices can prevent firearm injuries, such as suicide and unintentional shootings, as well as theft. Various firearm locking devices exist; however, little is known about firearm owners’ preferred locking devices for secure firearm storage. In this systematic review, we examined existing literature on preferred locking devices for secure storage of personal firearms among United States (US) firearm owners with the purpose of understanding practical implications and needs for future research. Methods We searched 8 major databases, as well as the grey literature, for English-language sources published on or before January 24, 2023, that empirically examined firearm locking device preferences. Following PRISMA guidelines, coders independently screened and reviewed 797 sources using pre-determined criteria. Overall, 38 records met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Results The majority of studies measure and report on participant use of various types of locking devices, but few go on to measure preference between device options and the attributes and features that may contribute to an individual’s preference. Included studies suggest that a preference for larger devices, such as lockboxes and gun safes, may exist among US firearm owners. Conclusions Review of included studies suggests that current prevention efforts may not be aligned with firearm owners’ preferences. Additionally, findings from this systematic review emphasize the need for additional methodological rigorous research to understand firearm locking device preferences. Expanded knowledge in this area will result in actionable data and foundational best practices for programming that encourages behavior change concerning secure storage of personal firearms to prevent injury and death.

Reducing firearm access for youth at risk for suicide in a pediatric emergency department

“…These safe storage devices were chosen as they did not utilize a key that could potentially be found and were the same devices that were well-received by gun owners at our institutional community firearm safe storage events. Previous studies in community and ED settings suggest that lockboxes and gun safes are preferred but that device preference may vary according to gun type and gun purpose ( 24 , 26 , 33 , 34 ). ED BMH specialists recorded responses in a baseline electronic survey for gun access at home, the type of safe storage device taken, and reasons for taking a particular type of device.…”