Fire suppression by aerosols of aqueous solutions of salts

Коробейничев, О. П.; Шмаков, А. Г.; Чернов, А. А.; Bolshova, T. A.; Шварцберг, В. М.; Куценогий, К. П.; Макаров, В.И.

doi:10.1007/s10573-010-0003-y

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The obtained results allow us to conclude that with a coarse droplet flow approaching the surface of FF, its thermal decomposition can be suppressed by just filling the whole porous structure of FF with water in the temperature range from moderate (300 K) to the end temperatures of the thermal decomposition of FF. However, the thickness of pine needle litter in both coniferous and mixed forests may reach 3-20 cm [11][12][13][14][15]. Therefore, it is next to impossible to extinguish large burning areas of FF with such thickness using aircraft.…”

Section: Figure 7 Instantaneous Velocities Of Water Droplets Moving mentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of water drops in a forest fuel layer in the course of its thermal decomposition

Volkov¹,

Кузнецов²,

Strizhak³

2018

THERM SCI

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In this paper, we conducted an experimental investigation on water droplets gravitating in a layer of typical forest fuel (as illustrated by pine needle litter) in the course of its thermal decomposition. We used a high-speed (200 fps) video recording system, Tema Automotive software with continuous tracking of a moving object as well as a set of low-inertia (no more than 0.1 second) thermocouples. Similar experiments were performed at moderate temperatures (below the onset temperature of forest fuel pyrolysis, i. e. about 300 K). Two approaches were used: continuous tracking of a moving water droplet using high-speed video recording and registration of a droplet path using the readings of thermocouples placed at different levels in a forest fuel layer. We determined the typical depths of an forest fuel layer that water droplets reach with the initial volume of these droplets ranging from 90 to 900 µL. The typical velocities of water droplets were calculated at different depths of the forest fuel layer. We also determined the share of the mass of water spent in an forest fuel layer on evaporation and cooling of the material down to the temperatures below those of thermal decomposition. Finally, we identified the physical processes influencing water droplets moving through the layers of forest fuel heated up to the high temperatures similar to those of thermal decomposition.

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Section: Figure 7 Instantaneous Velocities Of Water Droplets Moving mentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of water drops in a forest fuel layer in the course of its thermal decomposition

Volkov¹,

Кузнецов²,

Strizhak³

2018

THERM SCI

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“…However, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), which generates potassium cyanide when it decomposes thermally (Kunrath et al, 1978), is rarely used in hot aerosol fire suppression technology even though its fire extinguishing efficiency is high (Korobeinichev et al, 2010).…”

Section: Depletion Of Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Agents and the Associated Technologies: A Review

Zhang

Ismail

Fakhru’l‐Razi

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Since the phase out of Halon extinguishers in the 1980s, hot aerosol fire suppression technology has gained much attention. Unlike traditional inert gas, foam, water mist and Halon fire suppression agents, hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents do not need to be driven out by pressurized gases and can extinguish class A, B, C, D and K fires at 30 to 200 g/m 3 . Generally, hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology has developed from a generation I oil tank suppression system to a generation III strontium salt based S-type system. S-type hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology greatly solves the corrosion problem of electrical devices and electronics compared to potassium salt based generation I & II hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology. As substitutes for Halon agents, the ODP and GWP values of hot fire extinguishing aerosols are nearly zero, but those fine aerosol particles can cause adverse health effects once inhaled by human. As for configurations of hot aerosol fire extinguishing devices, fixed or portable cylindrical canisters are the most common among generation II & III hot aerosol fire extinguishers across the world, while generation I hot aerosol fire suppression systems are integrated with the oil tank as a whole. Some countries like the U.S., Australia, Russia and China, etc. have already developed standards for manufacturing and quality control of hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents and norms for hot aerosol fire extinguishing system design under different fire protection scenarios. Coolants in hot aerosol fire suppression systems, which are responsible for reducing hot aerosol temperature to avoid secondary fire risk are reviewed for the first time. Cooling effects are generally achieved through vaporization and endothermic chemical decomposition of coolants. Finally, this review discussed areas applying generation I, II or III hot aerosol fire suppression technologies. The generation III hot aerosol fire extinguishing system is most applicable, especially in areas involving delicate electrical and electronic equipments. Nonetheless, developing a much cleaner, non-corrosive and highly efficient hot aerosol fire suppression system is still needed.

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“…The least experimentally studied of all significant factors, effects and processes occurring under these conditions, is water droplets propagation through the FFM sample [13]. In this case, thermal decomposition of the material can have a significant impact on the movement of droplets between the FFM layers [14][15][16][17][18][19]. This is due to the need to use low-inertia thermocouples, high speed cameras and software systems with tracking algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of propagation of droplets of water and special water-based compositions in a sample of forest fuel material

et al. 2019

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The article presents the results of experimental studies of water droplets propagation through the sample of typical forest fuel materials: needles, leaves, and their mixture. Different conditions are considered: without any additional energy supply, with heating, in the course of intensive thermal decomposition and flaming combustion. Three methods of registration are applied: thermocouple measurements, control of the weight of the sample as a whole and of its individual layers, and high-speed video recording. Water-based compositions with special additives (bentonite, bischofite, and foaming agents) typical for forest fire extinguishing systems are used. The experiments are carried out using aerosol and single water drops, as well as a small group of the latter. It is shown that the mechanisms, conditions and characteristics of droplet propagation through the layers of needles, leaves and their mixtures differ significantly. The scientific novelty of the work is the determining of the values of all the key characteristics of these processes in the conditions of intensive pyrolysis of the material, as well as through its inert layers.

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Fire suppression by aerosols of aqueous solutions of salts

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Movement of water drops in a forest fuel layer in the course of its thermal decomposition

Movement of water drops in a forest fuel layer in the course of its thermal decomposition

Hot Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Agents and the Associated Technologies: A Review

Features of propagation of droplets of water and special water-based compositions in a sample of forest fuel material

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