Fire safety in modern indoor and built environment

Ivanov, Martin Lyubomirov; Chow, W. K.

doi:10.1177/1420326x221134765

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As nonstructural building components, building services constitute systems essential to the continuous use of buildings following an earthquake. There are a wide variety of building services, including electrical; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); sanitary; vertical transport; and life safety (i.e., fire safety in indoor environments [18]) systems. Numerous studies [19][20][21][22][23], including full-scale experiments, numerical analyses, and earthquake damage surveys, have demonstrated that building services components are typically vulnerable to building shaking, yet they can be protected via improved building design [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Nishino

2024

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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Seismic damage to building services systems, that is, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in buildings related to energy and indoor environments, affects the functionality of buildings. Assessing post-earthquake functionality is useful for enhancing the seismic resilience of buildings via improved design. Such assessments require a model for predicting the time required to restore building services. This study analyzes the downtime data for 250 instances of damage to building services components caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan, presumably obtained from buildings with minor or no structural damage. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the empirical downtime distribution of building services components and (2) to assess the dependence of the downtime on explanatory variables. A survival analysis, which is a statistical technique for analyzing time-to-event data, reveals that (1) the median downtime of building services components was 90 days and, 7 months after the earthquake, the empirical non-restoration probability was approximately 32%, (2) the services type and the building use are explanatory variables having a statistically significant effect on the downtime of building services components, (3) the log-logistic regression model reasonably captures the trend of the restoration of building services components, (4) medical and welfare facilities and hotels restored building services components relatively quickly, and (5) the 7-month restoration probability was observed to be highest for electrical systems, followed by sanitary systems, then heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and finally life safety systems. These results provide useful information to support the resilience-based seismic design of buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Nishino

2024

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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“…In addition, there are various ways of providing fire safety, from complying with regular prescriptive codes (PC) to specific measures such as fire engineering approach, performance-based designs and engineering performance-based fire codes for extraordinary buildings where the PC could be inadequate due to various reasons. 11 In recent decades, research on evacuation models has become a hot topic, aimed at assessing the required fire safety performances and environmental sustainability for the performance-based and objective-based design of new and existing buildings. A full review of egress models had been presented by Kuligowski.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis and validation on the phased evacuation time in high-rise buildings

Wu,

Mizuno,

Park

2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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The main aim of this study is to investigate the numerical analysis of phased evacuation and validate the feasibility of high-rise buildings using the control volume model. Based on the same spatial configuration, the number of participants on each floor, and four-phased evacuations of an actual fire drill conducted by a Japanese academic group in 2018, the numerical analysis results for these phased evacuations of this high-rise building have been investigated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the fire drill data in the aspects of the total number of people reaching the ground floor, the space-time feature curve and the first participant on each floor descending to the ground floor. The changes in the number of waiting participants versus time on each floor were obtained and compared in this study with the fire drill data to comprehend the transient situations of the internal participants in this high-rise building during the phased evacuation. Furthermore, the results of the first-order approximation method of NFPA, the Melinek and Booth method and the Route B calculation of the Japanese Building Center Verification Method for the total building evacuation are presented to discuss the differences between the phased evacuation and the total building evacuation.

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Research on Quantitative Assessment Method for Fire Spread Risk in Enclosed Buildings

Sun,

2024

Fire Technol

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Fire safety in modern indoor and built environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Post-earthquake building services downtime distribution: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake

Numerical analysis and validation on the phased evacuation time in high-rise buildings

Research on Quantitative Assessment Method for Fire Spread Risk in Enclosed Buildings

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