Fire Retardant Effect of 2-methyl-1,2-oxaphospholan-5-one 2-oxide in the PPO/HIPS Blend

Balabanovich, A.I.; Levchik, G. F.; Yang, Jungjin

doi:10.1177/0734904102020006470

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2‐Methyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐1‐oxa‐2‐phospholane is a very potent flame retardant, because it gives a V‐0 rating at only 5 wt% loading in combination with 20 wt% PPO147 and its loading can be decreased to only 1 wt% when combined with triphenyl phosphate, but in this case 35 wt% PPO is needed 148. Balabanovich and co‐workers studied the mechanism of flame‐retardant action of 44 in combination with PPO,149 or novolac,150 or melamine150 or ammonium polyphosphate 151. It was shown that 44 does not increase the charring of PPO or novolac, so its main contribution seems to be the gas‐phase activity.…”

Section: Phosphorus‐based Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

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This review provides an insight into new developments in flame retardancy of the broad class of styrenic polymers but mostly focuses on commercially important styrene thermoplastics, on some blends based on polystyrene as well as on polystyrene foams. Although halogen‐based systems continue to dominate in flame retardancy of styrenic polymers, various alternative systems are being developed. Especially, activity is observed with phosphorus‐based flame retardants, where some systems are already commercially available. There is also significant activity with nanocomposites, where good results in retarding flame spread have been achieved, but the problem of ignition resistance has not been solved yet. Critical discussion of various flame‐retardant systems developed for styrenics is given. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Phosphorus‐based Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

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“…The calculated data was composed by combining the TGA data of the components comprising of the mixture. [29][30][31] The results obtained are presented in Figure 4. The amounts of charred residues experimentally observed are higher than those values calculated for both phosphinate and phosphonate containing mixtures all over the temperatures whilst the opposite results are observed at lower degradation temperatures for phosphate containing mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Flame retardancies of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants based on DOPO derivatives when applied to ABS

Hoang

Kim

et al. 2015

Macromol. Res.

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A series of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants (FR) derived from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) have been synthesized in order to investigate their flame retarding performances for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). The success of synthesis was confirmed by 1 H and 31 P NMR. The flame retardancy performances evaluated by UL-94V test revealed that V-0 ratings are achieved when 27.5-30.0 wt% of FRs are added to the ABS/FR mixtures. The most dominating factors affecting the flame retardancy of phosphorus containing FR are the phosphorus (P) content in the mixture and the chemical structure of FR incorporated. It was found that 4.86-5.05 wt% P in the formulation is required to exhibit self-extinguishing ability when phosphinate or phophonate FRs are employed. On the other hand, no rating is obtained for phosphate type FR containing mixture even though higher amount of P, that is, 5.07 wt% is present in the mixture, indicating that oxidation state of the phosphorus element in FR is very important in governing the flame retardancy. The modes of actions of FRs in terms of gas versus condensed phase are also discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the FR containing compounds possess inferior thermal stability compared to neat ABS at the beginning of decomposition, suggesting that the thermal degradation of ABS is accelerated by the presence of FR at earlier stage of degradation and then hindered by the char formed at later stage of degradation.

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“…The materials have similar average heat of combustion (Table IV), with the ABS sample slightly lower. A cocharring polymer (polyphenylene oxide) which is commonly added to phosphorus-containing styrenic FR systems may also be playing a role [33][34][35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone calorimeter analysis of UL‐94 V‐rated plastics

Morgan¹,

Bundy²

2006

Fire and Materials

208

137

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SUMMARYCone calorimeter analysis was conducted on 18 thermoplastics with different UL-94 vertical burn test (V) ratings. Ratings varied from V-0 to no rating (NR), and the types of thermoplastics included were polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), PC/ABS blends, high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Our analysis of the cone calorimeter data found that there were correlations between UL-94 V rating and some cone calorimeter measurements (peak heat release rate (HRR) average and HRR at 60 s) and no relationship for other measurements (time to ignition and total heat release). However, no precise correlation was found due to significant differences in flame retardant mechanism and polymer fuel energy values. In this paper, we seek to explain further why a broad quantitative relationship between UL-94 V and cone calorimeter remains elusive, and also to show how the cone calorimeter can be used to understand why a material passes or fails a particular UL-94 V rating.

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Fire Retardant Effect of 2-methyl-1,2-oxaphospholan-5-one 2-oxide in the PPO/HIPS Blend

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Flame retardancies of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants based on DOPO derivatives when applied to ABS

Cone calorimeter analysis of UL‐94 V‐rated plastics

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