Fire-retardant Additives for Polymeric Materials—I. Char Formation from Silica Gel-Potassium Carbonate

Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Ritchie, Steven J.; Kashiwagi, Takashi; Lomakin, S. M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1018(199701)21:1<23::aid-fam591>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, branched methylphenylsiloxanes were effective in both ABS and HIPS, increasing OI from 18 to 25 at 9 wt% loading 185. Silica gel at 6 wt% in combination with 4 wt% K 2 CO 3 caused polystyrene to produce a char yield of 6% (16% residue yield) in cone calorimeter experiments which was reflected in a decrease of peak HRR 186…”

Section: Miscellaneous Flame Retardant Types (Nitrogen Boron Silicomentioning

confidence: 97%

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

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This review provides an insight into new developments in flame retardancy of the broad class of styrenic polymers but mostly focuses on commercially important styrene thermoplastics, on some blends based on polystyrene as well as on polystyrene foams. Although halogen‐based systems continue to dominate in flame retardancy of styrenic polymers, various alternative systems are being developed. Especially, activity is observed with phosphorus‐based flame retardants, where some systems are already commercially available. There is also significant activity with nanocomposites, where good results in retarding flame spread have been achieved, but the problem of ignition resistance has not been solved yet. Critical discussion of various flame‐retardant systems developed for styrenics is given. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Miscellaneous Flame Retardant Types (Nitrogen Boron Silicomentioning

confidence: 97%

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

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“…The composition of the preparation was selected in such a way as to achieve optimal fire protection by the development of a solid layer of foam. The aqueous solution of the tested preparation was strongly alkaline 9, 18, 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the fire retardant mixture containing potassium carbonate using a cone calorimeter

Grześkowiak

2011

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYThis article presents the results of investigations obtained for a wood fire retardant agent which is currently under production. Experiments were conducted using a mixture of potassium carbonate and urea in accordance with the PN-C-04914 standard (the Polish equivalent of ISO 5660-1). Wood samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with the above mixture as well as with its individual components. It was observed that impregnation of samples with potassium carbonate and a mixture of potassium carbonate and urea has an advantageous influence on the reduction of the heat release and the heat of combustion, and also prolongs the time to ignition. Urea alone failed to exert a fire-retardant effect on wood samples.

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“…In efforts to gain a better knowledge of the influence of metal oxide on the thermal degradation of PMMA, several papers were published about this subject and it appears that the majority of the works performed particularly concern silica particles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is known that the effect of filler on the polymer properties is strongly linked to the interfacial interactions between polymer and filler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%