Fire retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate/ultrafine kaolinite composites

Batistella, Mateus; Otazaghine, Belkacem; Sonnier, Rodolphe; Caro-Bretelle, A. S.; Petter, Carlos Otávio; Lopez‐Cuesta, José‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.026

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Generally a percolated network promotes a high viscosity while large agglomerates tend to decrease the viscosity. Viscosity has been proved as a very influential parameter controlling the pHRR in various systems (Kashiwagi et al, 2008) including polymers filled with moderate to high loadings of mineral fillers (Batistella et al, 2014). The preliminary results shown in the present work seem to confirm the beneficial role of a high viscosity on the heat release rate.…”

Section: Flame Retardancysupporting

confidence: 77%

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

Batistella

Caro-Bretelle

Otazaghine

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that morphological particle properties inside the polymer matrix are responsible for the variability of mechanical properties (elasticity, strength, resilience) and fire retardancy properties. Ultrafine kaolinites were modified and employed to obtain composites of polyamide. These composites were characterized by means of mechanical (tensile static and dynamic tests) and fire retardancy properties (cone calorimeter). Their morphological properties differed significantly according to the aspect ratio and surface treatment of the kaolinites. These morphologies, characterized by the particle dispersion (interparticle distance ID) and size distribution (median diameter MD) in the polymer matrix, were directly related to the mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitivity of strength, resilience and flammability to particle dispersion and distribution. The yield stress decreases with the increase of MD, the resilience decreases with the increase of ID with a critical ID value from which the composite became brittle, and the pHRR increases with the increase of ID.

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Section: Flame Retardancysupporting

confidence: 77%

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

Batistella

Caro-Bretelle

Otazaghine

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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“…To evaluate the barrier effect in PP, results obtained using PCFC and cone calorimeter were compared [31,52,54]. The method consists in plotting the two parameters R1 versus R2, which are defined as the ratio between pHRR of the composite and pHRR of the pure polymer in PCFC and in cone calorimeter respectively (Equations (1) and (2)).…”

Section: Flame Retardancy: Pcfc and Cone Calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16). In the same manner as Batistella et al [31], the reduced pHRR and G 0 are calculated by the ratio between composite and pure PP. Rheological measurements were recorded at 200 C, and G 0 values were taken at low frequency (0.01 rad/s).…”

Section: Relationship Between Viscosity and Fire Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

Courtat

Mélis

Taulemesse

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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International audienceSurface modification of various silicas by phosphorous agents was carried out with the aim to use these particles as flame retardant additive in a polypropylene matrice (PP) at low content (10 wt%). Thermal and flammability properties of PP/modified silica (PP-Tm-10%, PP-Zm-10%) were studied using TGA, PCFC and cone calorimeter and compared to those conferred by pure silica (PP-T-10%, PP-Z-10%). Quite surprisingly the untreated fillers induce the most significant reduction of peak of Heat Release Rate (50% decrease) while the surface modification by phosphorous agents does not lead to the expected effect on the fire behavior of PP composite. This phenomenon was related to the morphology and rheological behavior of the various PP composites. Indeed, the higher the storage modulus at low frequencies is, the better the fire behavior is, because of the induced barrier effect. Moreover, the addition of non modified silicas leads to a decrease of 10 s of the TTI. This phenomenon was related to the formation of bubbles after the PP melting during cone calorimeter test

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“…In addition, waste PCBs may have good flame retardant performance because of the poly-metallic complex system may induce synergistic effect in flame retardant behavior. Flame retardants with poly-metallic, such as artificial synthesized compounded flame retardants with metallic oxide or metal chloride [21,22], or natural materials of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and talc [23][24][25] could usually enhance the flame retardancy of polymer materials. However, these metals especially the copper contained in waste PCBs exist mainly as zero-valent metal, which has no any flame retardant performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

Xiu

Weng

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• We report a novel electronic waste-based flame retardant for PVC.• The SCWO-treated PCBs significantly improves the flame retardancy of PVC.• The flame retardant mechanism of SCWO-treated PCBs was studied.• Appropriate amount flame retardant does not degrade the mechanical property of PVC. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tIn this study, a novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) was successfully testified. A supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process was applied to treat waste PCBs before they could be used as flame retardants of PVC. The results indicated that SCWO conditions had a significant effect on the flame retarding and smoke suppressing properties of waste PCBs for PVC. Cu 2 O, CuO, and SnO 2 were the main active ingredients in waste PCBs-derived flame retardants. A conversion of Cu elements (Cu 0 → Cu + → Cu 2+ ) during SCWO process with the increase of reaction temperature was found to be the key influence factor for the flame retarding properties of SCWO-treated PCBs. The experiment results also showed that there was a synergistic effect of flame retardancy between Cu + and Cu 2+ . After the optimized SCWO treatment, SCWO-treated PCBs significantly improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char yield (CY) increased with increasing SCWO-treated PCBs content in PVC, while smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD) decreased markedly. The mechanical properties of PVC samples were influenced in different degree by adding different content SCWO-treated PCBs.

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Fire retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate/ultrafine kaolinite composites

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

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