Fire Resistances of Restrained Steel Beams Subjected to Fire Loads

Probabilistic pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures using dropout neural network

“…The elastic state of compression starts with an initial slope 3 4 , reaching the maximum strength of ' 78 , i.e., 28-day compressive strength, and the corresponding strain 9 4 . Mathematically, 3 4 can be calculated by the following equation: (7) After reaching ' 78 , the strength decrease, while the compressive strain continuously increases up to 9 : , so-called crushing strain, and respective crushing strength ' 78; = 0.2' 78 . On the other hand, the tensile behavior of concrete is modeled by a bilinear curve of which the initial branch has the same slope 3 4 , after reaching the maximum tensile strength ' ?…”

“…Brunesi et al [6] carried out both deterministic analysis and probabilistic analysis of progressive collapse in low-rise RC buildings, through which the authors emphasized the contribution of secondary structural elements such as framing beam in progressive collapse resistance by providing additional alternative load path. Guo et al [7] conducted a series of Monte Carlo simulation with the Latin hypercube sampling method on a 1-h rated steel beam and proved that the beam is able to resist natural fire event with a probability of failure under 10%. Although Monte Carlo-based method is able to perform probabilistic analysis but due to its computational expensiveness, another more practical probabilistic framework for industry application was suggested to be explored.…”

Effect of axial and rotational restraint on performance of composite beams with fire protection coating

“…In the specific cases shown, which do not meet the requirements in a fire situation, the recommendation is to design the connections using the temperature distribution in the joint elements provided in Annex D of Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (11). Also advisable is to evaluate the value of tensile axial force in the catenary phase for designing connections in fire situation; the equation in Allam et al (2002) and Guo et al (2018) can be used to predict the tensile forces.…”

“…However, this study did not consider different levels of axial and rotational restraint at the supports. Guo et al (2018) derived equations to predict the limit state of restrained steel beams in fire situation, using reduction factors of elastic modulus and yield strengths. The presented equations provide values such as maximum compressive forces, maximum catenary tensile forces and span/20 of mid-span deflections.…”