Fire Protection of Steel Structures of Oil and Gas Facilities: Multilayer, Removable, Non-Combustible Covers
Marina Gravit,
Vasiliy Prusakov,
Nikita Shcheglov
et al.
Abstract:Fire protection is required to protect metal structures of oil and gas facilities from fires. Such fire protection should provide high fire resistance limits: 60, 90, 120 and more minutes. Specialists of LLC “RPC PROMIZOL ” developed a multilayer, removable type of fire protection made of superfine basalt fibre and ceramic materials for operation in Arctic conditions. Five experimental studies were carried out in standard and hydrocarbon fire regimes. The fire protection effectiveness of the products for I20 b… Show more
“…The QuickField, Tera Analysis Ltd., Denmark, (in another version, ELCUT, LLC Tor, Russia) software was used to build thermodynamical finite element models, taking into account heat sources in blocks, edges, or individual vertices of the model [42]. QuickField packages can be applied to various aspects of thermal model design-heat transfer, temperature distribution, evaluation of local overheating, transient heating processes-and to solve thermophysical problems with the purpose of verifying experimental data [38][39][40][41].…”
Section: Modeling Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Test conditions and procedures were applied to column specimens of different crosssections with fire protection according to [18] (Figure 5). Experimental studies for epoxy paints, plaster compositions, non-combustible covers PROMIZOL MIX PROPLATE and cement boards are presented in [31,[39][40][41]. The cross sections of I-columns for different samples, as well as thermocouple locations are shown in Figure 6.…”
Section: Columnsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heat transfer coefficients were determined for different types of fire protection in accordance with test protocols by solving the inverse heat conduction problem. The boundary conditions and model verification for structures with fire protection were provided in similar articles on this topic [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”
Section: Name Of the Value Value Information Sourcementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is installed on structures using special straps and fasteners, as shown in Figure 16. The thermophysical properties of a protective material were determined through laboratory experiments based on five samples [40]. The results of the laboratory experiments as well as the calculated value of the K-factor (for the critical temperature of 500 • C) are summarized in Table 12.…”
Section: Fire Protection System With Basalt and Ceramic Fibers (Non-c...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The K-factor corresponds to the results of laboratory experiments performed in relation to the 20B1 beam (Ap/V = 294 m −1 ), taking into account the fire protection system (density-130 kg/m 3 ). The thermophysical properties of a protective material were determined through laboratory experiments based on five samples [40]. The results of the laboratory experiments as well as the calculated value of the K-factor (for the critical temperature of 500 °C) are summarized in Table 12.…”
Section: Fire Protection System With Basalt and Ceramic Fibers (Non-c...mentioning
The hydrocarbon temperature–time curve is widely used instead of the standard curve to describe the temperature in the environment of structural surfaces exposed to fire in oil and gas chemical facilities and tunnels. This paper presents calculations of the ratio of time to reach critical temperatures at different nominal fire curves for steel structures such as bulkheads and columns with different types of fireproofing. The thermophysical properties of the fireproofing materials were obtained by solving the inverse heat conduction problem using computer simulation. It was found that the time interval for reaching critical temperatures in structures with different types of fireproofing in a hydrocarbon fire decreased, on average, by a factor of 1.2–1.7 compared to the results of standard fire tests. For example, for decks and bulkheads with mineral wool fireproofing, the K-factor of the ratio of the time for reaching the critical temperature of steel under the standard curve to the hydrocarbon curve was 1.30–1.62; for plaster, it was 1.56; for cement boards, it was 1.34; for non-combustible coatings, it was 1.38–2.0; and, for epoxy paints, it was 1.71. The recommended values of the K-factor for fire resistance up to 180 min (incl.) were 1.7 and, after 180 min, 1.2. The obtained dependencies would allow fireproofing manufacturers to predict the insulation thickness for expensive hydrocarbon fire experiments if the results of fire tests under standard (cellulosic) conditions are known.
“…The QuickField, Tera Analysis Ltd., Denmark, (in another version, ELCUT, LLC Tor, Russia) software was used to build thermodynamical finite element models, taking into account heat sources in blocks, edges, or individual vertices of the model [42]. QuickField packages can be applied to various aspects of thermal model design-heat transfer, temperature distribution, evaluation of local overheating, transient heating processes-and to solve thermophysical problems with the purpose of verifying experimental data [38][39][40][41].…”
Section: Modeling Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Test conditions and procedures were applied to column specimens of different crosssections with fire protection according to [18] (Figure 5). Experimental studies for epoxy paints, plaster compositions, non-combustible covers PROMIZOL MIX PROPLATE and cement boards are presented in [31,[39][40][41]. The cross sections of I-columns for different samples, as well as thermocouple locations are shown in Figure 6.…”
Section: Columnsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heat transfer coefficients were determined for different types of fire protection in accordance with test protocols by solving the inverse heat conduction problem. The boundary conditions and model verification for structures with fire protection were provided in similar articles on this topic [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”
Section: Name Of the Value Value Information Sourcementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is installed on structures using special straps and fasteners, as shown in Figure 16. The thermophysical properties of a protective material were determined through laboratory experiments based on five samples [40]. The results of the laboratory experiments as well as the calculated value of the K-factor (for the critical temperature of 500 • C) are summarized in Table 12.…”
Section: Fire Protection System With Basalt and Ceramic Fibers (Non-c...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The K-factor corresponds to the results of laboratory experiments performed in relation to the 20B1 beam (Ap/V = 294 m −1 ), taking into account the fire protection system (density-130 kg/m 3 ). The thermophysical properties of a protective material were determined through laboratory experiments based on five samples [40]. The results of the laboratory experiments as well as the calculated value of the K-factor (for the critical temperature of 500 °C) are summarized in Table 12.…”
Section: Fire Protection System With Basalt and Ceramic Fibers (Non-c...mentioning
The hydrocarbon temperature–time curve is widely used instead of the standard curve to describe the temperature in the environment of structural surfaces exposed to fire in oil and gas chemical facilities and tunnels. This paper presents calculations of the ratio of time to reach critical temperatures at different nominal fire curves for steel structures such as bulkheads and columns with different types of fireproofing. The thermophysical properties of the fireproofing materials were obtained by solving the inverse heat conduction problem using computer simulation. It was found that the time interval for reaching critical temperatures in structures with different types of fireproofing in a hydrocarbon fire decreased, on average, by a factor of 1.2–1.7 compared to the results of standard fire tests. For example, for decks and bulkheads with mineral wool fireproofing, the K-factor of the ratio of the time for reaching the critical temperature of steel under the standard curve to the hydrocarbon curve was 1.30–1.62; for plaster, it was 1.56; for cement boards, it was 1.34; for non-combustible coatings, it was 1.38–2.0; and, for epoxy paints, it was 1.71. The recommended values of the K-factor for fire resistance up to 180 min (incl.) were 1.7 and, after 180 min, 1.2. The obtained dependencies would allow fireproofing manufacturers to predict the insulation thickness for expensive hydrocarbon fire experiments if the results of fire tests under standard (cellulosic) conditions are known.
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