Fire performance of heritage and contemporary timber encapsulation materials

Chorlton, Bronwyn; Gales, John

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101181

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This observation was also concluded by Chorlton and Gales. 46 This phenomenon can further be argued by the adhesion between plaster and timber at ambient temperatures that starts to weaken with increasing temperature in case of fire: the water is driven out from the plaster and timber starts charring at around 300 C. This indicates that (at the latest) by the time timber starts to char, there is no adhesion left to keep plaster attached to timber. Therefore, the presence or lack of a mechanical fastening system (e.g., a wooden or a reed lath)…”

Section: Discussion and Comparison Of Test Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One of the recent studies with cone calorimeter has evaluated the fire performance of historic encapsulation materials such as lime-based plasters and steel-plates. 46 An observation was made that they could potentially improve the fire resistance of timber structures, but are not considered reliable in case of fire as the plasters are limited in their capacity to stay attached to timber. In general, mainly technical reports or national standards exist that provide tabulated design data for some structures with plasters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of test results by means of temperature measurements and derived design values 32 obtained from cone heater and furnace tests is limited. One of the recent studies with cone calorimeter has evaluated the fire performance of historic encapsulation materials such as lime‐based plasters and steel‐plates 46 . An observation was made that they could potentially improve the fire resistance of timber structures, but are not considered reliable in case of fire as the plasters are limited in their capacity to stay attached to timber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small‐scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures

Liblik

Just

2022

Fire and Materials

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The primary protection against the charring of timber is ensured by protection materials. Today, there are only a limited number of materials given in design codes as fire protection materials for timber. Historic surface finish materials such as plasters have rarely been studied with respect to fire; no design values exist in the current fire part of Eurocode 5. Full‐scale fire testing is costly to assess the fire performance of material combinations, thus this study presents a useful tool that is specifically tailored to evaluate the fire protection ability of materials in small‐scale. A review of conducted tests demonstrate that the cone heater of a cone calorimeter is a dependable device to estimate the charring performance of protected timber specimens as the test results approximate the ones obtained from furnace tests. This work contributes to the assessment of fire resistance performance of various combinations and types of plaster systems found in existing timber buildings that often require an individual approach for an adequate fire risk analysis and design decisions to meet current fire safety regulations with respect to the load‐bearing capacity and compartmentation of building structures. Increased knowledge on the fire protection performance of traditional plasters is believed to facilitate their wider use in timber buildings, primarily to preserve their significance as part of the cultural built heritage.

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Section: Discussion and Comparison Of Test Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small‐scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures

Liblik

Just

2022

Fire and Materials

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“…As previously mentioned, fire may completely destroy a timber structure but sometimes it only affects it partially. Several works have already dealt with the analysis of the effects of fire on timber structures [23][24][25][26]. The fire itself does not greatly influence the mechanical properties of the not charred section (inner core) of a timber element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of laser scanner and drilling resistance tests to measure geometry change for structural assessment of timber beams exposed to fire

Cabaleiro

Suñer

Sousa

et al. 2021

Journal of Building Engineering

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“…In the field of CH, several studies have been published regarding the combustion characteristics of different historical building materials and their fire-retardant coatings. Recently, Chorlton et al investigated the fire-related performance of historic timber and contemporary encapsulations as well as the progression of historic encapsulations used for fire over time 4 , 8 . Using a cone calorimeter, Zhou et al examined the effects of weathering and fire retardants on the reaction-to-fire performance of a cedar tree 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of proteinaceous paint layers, composed of egg yolk and lead white, exposed to fire-related effects

Legan

Retko

Peeters

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fires can have a negative impact on the environment, human health, property and ultimately also on various objects of cultural heritage (CH). This paper deals with an investigation into the degradation of selected proteinaceous paint layers that were exposed to fire-related effects (i.e., fire effluents and/or high temperatures) in a modified cone-calorimeter system. Paint layers of egg yolk adhesive (E) and lead white tempera (E + LW) were exposed to fire-related impacts on top of a CH stack and in a specially designed CH test chamber. On the CH stack, the proteinaceous paint layers were exposed to fire effluents and high temperatures, while in the CH test chamber, the samples were exposed mainly to fire effluents. The molecular changes to the exposed paint layers were analysed by invasive and non-invasive spectroscopic analyses (i.e., FTIR and Raman spectroscopy) and complimented with pyrolysis-GC–MS, while the colour changes were evaluated using colourimetry. It was concluded that the proteinaceous binder degrades into aromatic amino acids and/or fatty acids after exposure to the overall impacts of the fire. Aromatic amino acids were detected by means of the FTIR and py-GC–MS analyses. In the case of the lead white tempera exposure, partial dissociation of the lead white pigment was confirmed by the detection of alteration products, such as lead oxide and lead carbonate. Moreover, the investigation of the E + LW samples exposed for longer times revealed the presence of lead carboxylates. On the other hand, no significant molecular changes were observed with the CH samples exposed to fire effluents in the CH test chamber. The research offered us an insight into the fire-induced effects on selected paints for the first time.

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Fire performance of heritage and contemporary timber encapsulation materials

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Small‐scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures

Small‐scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures

Combination of laser scanner and drilling resistance tests to measure geometry change for structural assessment of timber beams exposed to fire

Investigation of proteinaceous paint layers, composed of egg yolk and lead white, exposed to fire-related effects

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