Fire management on Imperata grasslands as part of agroforestry development in Indonesia

Wibowo, Adi; Suharti, M.; Sagala, A. P. S.; Hibani, H.; Noordwijk, Meine van

doi:10.1007/bf00142874

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A review of literature on typical Imperata grassland in oil palm growing regions reveals AGBs ranging from 3.8 Mg ha -1 to 23.0 Mg ha -1 (Hartemink, 2001;Hashimoto, Kojima, Tange, & Sasaki, 2000;Holmes, Lemerle, & Schottler, 1980;Lasco et al, 2000;NRI, 1996;Otsamo, 2001;Roshetko, Delaney, Hairiah, & Purnomosidhi, 2002;Wibowo, Suharti, Sagala, Hibani, & van Noordwijk, 1997). The average AGB of 11.2 ± 7.3 Mg ha -1 obtained from these data and applied in the following calculations is distinctly higher than the given IPCC range.…”

Section: Biomass Of Grassland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas balance

Germer

Sauerborn

2007

Environ Dev Sustain

209

150

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Estimates of emissions indicate that if tropical grassland is rehabilitated by oil palm plantations, carbon fixation in plantation biomass and soil organic matter not only neutralises emissions caused by grassland conversion, but also results in the net removal of about 135 Mg carbon dioxide per hectare from the atmosphere. In contrast, the emission from forest conversion clearly exceeds the potential carbon fixation of oil palm plantings. Forest conversion on mineral soils to promote continued oil palm mono cropping causes a net release of approximately 650 Mg carbon dioxide equivalents per hectare, while the emission from peat forest conversion is even higher due to the decomposition of drained peat and the resulting emission of carbon oxide and nitrous oxide. The conversion of one hectare of forest on peat releases over 1,300 Mg carbon dioxide equivalents during the first 25-year cycle of oil palm growth. Depending on the peat depth, continuous decomposition augments the emission with each additional cycle at a magnitude of 800 Mg carbon dioxide equivalents per hectare.The creation of 'flexibility mechanisms' such as the clean development mechanism and emission trading in the Kyoto Protocol could incorporate plantations as carbon sinks in the effort to meet emission targets. Thus, for the oil palm industry, grassland rehabilitation is an option to preserve natural forest, avoid emissions and, if the sequestered carbon becomes tradable, an opportunity to generate additional revenue.

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Section: Biomass Of Grassland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas balance

Germer

Sauerborn

2007

Environ Dev Sustain

209

150

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“…Wild fires have an increasing large-scale impact on nature and society in the humid tropics (Wibowo et al, 1997;Nepstad et al, 1999). For example, the severe droughts associated with the El Niño events in 1982/83 and 1997/98 caused severe and widespread fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Streamwater quality as affected by wild fires in natural and manmade vegetation in Malaysian Borneo

Malmer

2004

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:In 1998 a wild fire struck a paired catchment research area under long-term monitoring of hydrological and nutrient budgets. Streamwater quality as concentrations of dissolved and suspended particulate matter was monitored during 1Ð5-2Ð5 years after the fire in streams from seven different catchments. As the catchments, due to earlier experimental treatments, had different vegetations, varying effects related to different fire intensities were observed.The highest, mean stormflow, suspended sediment concentrations resulted from intensive fire in secondary vegetation that had experienced severe soil disturbance in previous treatments (crawler tractor timber extraction 10 years earlier). Stormflow concentrations were typically still about 400 mg l 1 in 1999 (10-21 months after the fire), which was about the maximum recorded concentration in streams during initial soil disturbance in 1988. Forest fire in natural forest resulted in less than half as high stormflow concentrations.For dissolved elements in streamwater there was a positive relation between fuel load (and fire intensity) and concentration and longevity of effects. Stream baseflow dissolved nutrient concentrations were high in the months following the fire. Mean baseflow K concentrations were 8-15 mg l 1 in streams draining catchments with intensive fire in secondary vegetation with large amounts of fuel. After controlled fire for forest plantation establishment in 1988 corresponding concentrations were 3-5 mg l 1 , and after forest fire in natural forest in this study about 2 mg l 1 . This study shows differences in response from controlled fire for land management, forest fire in natural forests and wild fires in manmade vegetations. These differences relate to resistance and resilience to fire for the involved ecosystems. There is reason to believe that wild fires and repeated wild fires during or after droughts, in successions caused by human influence, may lead to larger losses of ecosystem nutrient capital from sites compared with forest fires in natural forests. As fire in the humid tropics becomes more common, in an increasingly spatially fragmented landscape, it will be important to be aware of these differences.

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“…The transformation of forest into grassland is considered the main negative impact of fire (Gadas, 2000; Mudita, 2000). ‘Fires’ are often taken to mean ‘escaped fires’, intentionally set to stimulate regrowth of grass for grazing and spreading to forest (Foenay, 2000) and reforestation areas (Wibowo et al ., 1997; Djoeroemana et al ., 2000). Shifting cultivation and grassland fires are also thought to be contributing to sedimentation and flooding (Juspan, 2000; Mudita, 2000), the destruction of property such as wood fences in the fields (Mudita, 2000), the reduction of air quality (Grist & Menz, 1997; Mudita, 2000), and causing carbon emissions that affect climate change (Grist & Menz, 1997).…”

Section: Perceived Impact Of Fire In Nttmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihoods, fire and policy in eastern Indonesia

Tacconi

Ruchiat²

2006

Singap J Trop Geogr

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Indonesian legislation calls for a zero‐burning policy. This approach to fire management is largely in response to significant negative impacts on the economy and the environment, not only in Indonesia but also the neighbouring region, that result annually from peat fires in Kalimantan and Sumatra. In this context, the present paper investigates the local use and management of fire in Flores and Sumba islands in eastern Indonesia. Our appraisals show that people's livelihoods depend on fire to maintain grasslands and, therefore, that the national policy and legislation for zero‐burning is inappropriate and needs to be revised. This follows from the fact that not all fires cause damage and are unwanted. Through a series of rapid rural appraisal interviews, we found that the fires in grasslands are often lit intentionally to maintain the grasslands that local people use to sustain a variety of livelihood activities such as cattle rearing, hunting and farming. Although fires can damage or destroy remnant dry forests in eastern Indonesia, in order to be effective, future policy formulations need to account for this human livelihood dimension and the geographic variation in fuels, climate and land use.

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Fire management on Imperata grasslands as part of agroforestry development in Indonesia

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas balance

Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas balance

Streamwater quality as affected by wild fires in natural and manmade vegetation in Malaysian Borneo

Livelihoods, fire and policy in eastern Indonesia

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