Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ)

Warneke, C.; Schwarz, J. P.; Dibb, Jack E.; Калашникова, О. В.; Frost, G. J.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Brown, Steven S.; Brewer, W. Alan; Soja, A. J.; Seidel, F. C.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Wiggins, Elizabeth B.; Moore, Richard H.; Anderson, B. E.; Jordan, Carolyn E.; Yacovitch, Tara I.; Herndon, S. C.; Liu, Shang; Kuwayama, Toshihiro; Jaffe, Dan; Johnston, Nancy A.C.; Selimovic, Vanessa; Yokelson, Robert J.; Giles, D. M.; Holben, B. N.; Goloub, Philippe; Popovici, Ioana Elisabeta; Trainer, M.; Kumar, Aditya; Pierce, R. Bradley; Fahey, D. W.; Roberts, J. M.; Gargulinski, Emily; Peterson, David A.; Ye, Xinxin; Thapa, Laura H.; Saide, Pablo E.; Fite, Charles H.; Holmes, Christopher D.; Wang, Siyuan; Coggon, Matthew M.; Decker, Zachary C. J.; Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Xu, Lu; Gkatzelis, Georgios I.; Aikin, K. C.; Lefer, B. L.; Kaspari, Jackson H.; Griffin, Debora; Zeng, Linghan; Weber, R. J.; Hastings, Meredith G.; Chai, Jiajue; Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.; Liao, J.; Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro; Guo, Hongyu; Jimenez, José L.

doi:10.1029/2022jd037758

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 285 publications

(253 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Here we present results from the FIREX-AQ field study where we conducted airborne thermal denuder measurements that quantified the volatility of bulk BBPM and BBOA as well as the volatility of key molecular components of BBPM such as levoglucosan and nitrocatechol. These measurements are the first of their kind and serve to constrain the volatility of BBPM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires

Pagonis,

Selimovic,

Campuzano-Jost

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomass burning particulate matter (BBPM) affects regional air quality and global climate, with impacts expected to continue to grow over the coming years. We show that studies of North American fires have a systematic altitude dependence in measured BBPM normalized excess mixing ratio (NEMR; ΔPM/ΔCO), with airborne and high-altitude studies showing a factor of 2 higher NEMR than ground-based measurements. We report direct airborne measurements of BBPM volatility that partially explain the difference in the BBPM NEMR observed across platforms. We find that when heated to 40− 45 °C in an airborne thermal denuder, 19% of lofted smoke PM 1 evaporates. Thermal denuder measurements are consistent with evaporation observed when a single smoke plume was sampled across a range of temperatures as the plume descended from 4 to 2 km altitude. We also demonstrate that chemical aging of smoke and differences in PM emission factors can not fully explain the platformdependent differences. When the measured PM volatility is applied to output from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke regional model, we predict a lower PM NEMR at the surface compared to the lofted smoke measured by aircraft. These results emphasize the significant role that gas-particle partitioning plays in determining the air quality impacts of wildfire smoke.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires

Pagonis,

Selimovic,

Campuzano-Jost

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To relate in situ aircraft emissions to GOES FRP at the fire source, the time of emission is calculated from the smoke age. Smoke age is determined as the time elapsed from smoke production until measurement by the aircraft and is estimated from average wind speed and distance from the fire source or using trajectory models that implement high-resolution meteorological datasets and an assumed vertical transport. , The time of emission is estimated as the time of sampling minus the calculated smoke age. The average FRP across each plume transect emission window was estimated and then averaged together with additional transects to estimate a fire-averaged FRP for selected emission windows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we build upon the work described by Sekimoto et al . on laboratory fires and parameterize the VOC emissions from real-world wildfires using VOC measurements from the NOAA PTR-ToF-MS conducted on board the NASA DC-8 during the 2019 FIREX-AQ campaign (Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments and Air Quality) . We conduct a constrained PMF analysis and show that the high- and low-temperature pyrolysis factors obtained in the FireLab 2016 experiment describe the variability of many VOCs emitted from western US wildfires, independent of fuel type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-Type Independent Parameterization of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Western US Wildfires

Sekimoto,

Coggon,

Gkatzelis

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from biomass burning impact air quality and climate. Laboratory studies have shown that the variability in VOC speciation is largely driven by changes in combustion conditions and is only modestly impacted by fuel type. Here, we report that emissions of VOCs measured in ambient smoke emitted from western US wildfires can be parameterized by high-and low-temperature pyrolysis VOC profiles and are consistent with previous observations from laboratory simulated fires. This is demonstrated using positive matrix factorization (PMF) constrained by high-and lowtemperature factors using VOC measurements obtained with a proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) on board the NASA DC-8 during the FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments and Air Quality) project in 2019. A linear combination of high-and low-temperature factors described more than 70% of the variability of VOC emissions of long-lived VOCs in all sampled wildfire plumes. An additional factor attributable to atmospheric aging was required to parameterize short-lived and secondarily produced VOCs. The relative contribution of the PMF-derived high-temperature factor for a given fire plume was strongly correlated with the fire radiative power (FRP) at the estimated time of emission detected by satellite measurements. By combining the FRP with the fraction of the high-temperature PMF factor, the emission ratios (ERs) of VOCs to carbon monoxide (CO) in fresh wildfires were estimated and agree well with measured ERs (r 2 = 0.80−0.93). KEYWORDS: wildfire, volatile organic compound (VOC), proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), high-temperature pyrolysis, low-temperature pyrolysis, fire radiative power (FRP), FIREX-AQ, positive matrix factorization (PMF)

show abstract

“…The major FIREX‐AQ eastern fuel types and their definitions are given below, and these can be found in detail in Warneke et al. (2023) and Schwarz and Fuel2Fire Team (2023).…”

Section: Description Of Crop Residue and Prescribed Fire Plumes Sampl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A goal of FIREX-AQ was to expand EF availability and statistics for crop residue and prescribed fires (Warneke et al, 2023). This need was emphasized by Akagi et al (2011) and demonstrated by differences in crop residue fire EFs between the 15 crop residue fires sampled in the Southeast US by Liu et al (2016) and the earlier global compilation of Akagi et al (2011) that is commonly used in models and fire emission inventories.…”

Section: Comparison With Prior Global Compilations and Regional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX‐AQ

Travis,

Crawford,

Soja

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural and prescribed burning activities emit large amounts of trace gases and aerosols on regional to global scales. We present a compilation of emission factors (EFs) and emission ratios (ERs) from the eastern portion of the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign in 2019 in the United States, which sampled burning of crop residues and other prescribed fire fuels. FIREX‐AQ provided comprehensive chemical characterization of 53 crop residue and 22 prescribed fires. Crop residues burned at different modified combustion efficiencies (MCE), with corn residue burning at higher MCE than other fuel types. Prescribed fires burned at lower MCE (<0.90) which is typical, while grasslands burned at lower MCE (0.90) than normally observed due to moist, green, growing season fuels. Most non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were significantly anticorrelated with MCE except for ethanol and NMVOCs that were measured with less certainty. We identified 23 species where crop residue fires differed by more than 50% from prescribed fires at the same MCE. Crop residue EFs were greater for species related to agricultural chemical use and fuel composition as well as oxygenated NMVOCs possibly due to the presence of metals such as potassium. Prescribed EFs were greater for monoterpenes (5×). FIREX‐AQ crop residue average EFs generally agreed with the previous agricultural fire study in the US but had large disagreements with global compilations. FIREX‐AQ observations show the importance of regionally‐specific and fuel‐specific EFs as first steps to reduce uncertainty in modeling the air quality impacts of fire emissions.

show abstract

Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ)

Cited by 30 publications

References 285 publications

Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires

Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires

Fuel-Type Independent Parameterization of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Western US Wildfires

Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX‐AQ

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About