Fire engulfment tests on a 5 tonne LPG tank

Moodie, K.; Cowley, Leonie; Denny, R.B.; Small, Les; Williams, Irving

doi:10.1016/0304-3894(88)87006-7

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Different values have been proposed; heat fluxes in the range of 95 -130 kW m -2 have been measured for kerosene [12], 80 -150 kW m -2 for JP-4 [13], 100-180 kW m -2 as a general range for liquid hydrocarbons and 150 -250 kW m -2 for LPG pool fires [14,15]. This can lead to rather high temperature increase rates of the vessel wall above the liquid level.…”

Section: Pool and Tank Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Hemmatian

Planas

Casal

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

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The domino sequences found in major accidents have been analyzed for a large set of cases (330); the first event triggering the domino effect was an explosion or a fire, both with approximately the same contribution; the same proportion has been found when all domino effect steps were considered. Although fire effects usually reach a distance much shorter than those of an explosion, as fire is the most frequent major accident it is often found as the first step of domino sequences. This is especially true in the case of BLEVEs. Both in fixed plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials, in the event of a fire, if flames affect a vessel and the fireproofing layer has been damaged, a BLEVE can occur at any moment. 127 BLEVE accidents involving domino effect have been analyzed. It has been found that fire is significantly more frequent than explosion, both in triggering the domino effect sequence and in intermediate steps. The time to failure can range from one minute or even less up to several hours, an aspect that should be very important for the management of the emergency. A set of conclusions are inferred from this survey.

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Section: Pool and Tank Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Hemmatian

Planas

Casal

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

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“…stresses exceed the vessel material's yield stress Popov, 1999 . Wallr r r r rfluid heat transfer Ž Based on experimental observations Haque et al, 1992b;. Overa et al, 1994;Moodie et al, 1988 , both forced and natural convection govern the heat-transfer mode in the vapor phase during blowdown. The correlation by Petukhov and Ž .…”

Section: Z Xmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on experimental observations by Ž . Moodie et al 1988 , it is assumed that both vapor and liquid are well mixed, negating the effects of temperature gradients within each constituent phase. Furthermore, pressure is assumed to be spatially uniform within the vessel.…”

Section: Blowdown Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling blowdown of cylindrical vessels under fire attack

2002

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“…where, While several experiments have been performed on pressure vessels with both gas and liquid (two-phase) subjected to fire exposure [23][24][25], to the best of our knowledge no experiments have been reported for pressurized gas-filled steel vessels subjected to fire heat loads. Results have been reported for composite gas cylinders [26,27], but the relevant material properties for correctly modelling the conductive heat transfer may be uncertain, and thus the experiments have not been considered in this study.…”

Section: Simulation Software and Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Adequacy of API 521 Relief-Valve Sizing Method for Gas-Filled Pressure Vessels Exposed to Fire

Andreasen

Borroni

Nieto

et al. 2018

Safety

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Abstract:In this paper, the adequacy of the legacy API 521 guidance on pressure relief valve (PRV) sizing for gas-filled vessels subjected to external fire is investigated. Multiple studies show that in many cases, the installation of a PRV offers little or no protection-therefore provides an unfounded sense of security. Often the vessel wall will be weakened by high temperatures, before the PRV relieving pressure is reached. In this article, a multiparameter study has been performed taking into consideration various vessel sizes, design pressures (implicitly vessel wall thickness), vessel operating pressure, fire type (pool fire or jet fire) by applying the methodology presented in the Scandpower guideline. A transient thermomechanical response analysis has been carried out to accurately determine vessel rupture times. It is demonstrated that only vessels with relatively thick walls, as a result of high design pressures, benefit from the presence of a PRV, while for most cases no appreciable increase in the vessel survival time beyond the onset of relief is observed. For most of the cases studied, vessel rupture will occur before the relieving pressure of the PRV is reached.

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Fire engulfment tests on a 5 tonne LPG tank

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Modeling blowdown of cylindrical vessels under fire attack

On the Adequacy of API 521 Relief-Valve Sizing Method for Gas-Filled Pressure Vessels Exposed to Fire

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