Fire Effects on Grasslands

Zedler, Paul H.

doi:10.1016/b978-012088778-1/50015-7

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Available nutrients can increase following fire due to increases in mineralization, deposition of partly combusted residues and increases in underlying microbial processes (Raison ; Ojima et al . ; Zedler ). However, burning did not significantly affect soil nitrate, ammonium or available phosphorus at either site in any of the 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique has been shown to be effective for controlling annual grasses (but not broadleaf annuals) if a gas‐powered weed burner is used to enable burning in spring, but burns conducted when the grass is dry enough to carry a fire (e.g. summer) may not kill enough seeds to control annual grasses (Zedler ). Because of difficulties in application of the technique, more readily applied methods for seed reduction in spring have been proposed, such as pulse grazing, but experimental tests have been few (but see Menke ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning can also reduce soil nitrogen by direct loss in gaseous or particulate form in smoke (Raison ; Zedler ), indirectly through increased microbial fixation (Seastedt et al . ) or by promoting plant species that produce high carbon : nitrogen ratio litters (Ritchie et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient versus seed bank depletion approaches to controlling exotic annuals in threatened Box Gum woodlands

et al. 2015

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Control of exotic annuals is often a priority when restoring degraded grasslands or shrublands. This study evaluated combinations of nutrient-depleting (carbon addition) and seed bank-depleting approaches for controlling exotic annuals, and compared the seed bank depletion technique of spring burning with the more easily applied technique of pulse grazing. Treatments were applied in two Box Gum woodlands over 4 years. Consistent with earlier studies, carbon addition dramatically reduced exotic annuals and available nutrients in all 3 years at both sites. Exotic annual grass abundance was significantly reduced in burnt plots following the first year and in grazed plots following the second year of application. Spring burning or grazing did not reduce available nutrients or exotic annual broadleaf abundance at either site. The effect of carbon addition on exotic annuals and available nutrients was so powerful that no additional benefit of the combination treatments was found, although at one site burning and grazing slightly reduced the effectiveness of carbon addition in suppressing broadleaf exotic annuals. We conclude that nutrient-depleting approaches are most effective because they control both exotic annual grasses and broadleaf exotics annuals, but given their expense seed bank-depleting approaches may be more practical where exotic annual grasses dominate. In particular, pulse grazing is readily applied across large areas, offering a relatively simple tool that if appropriately implemented could enhance outcomes of restoration investments in vegetation communities invaded by exotic annual grasses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient versus seed bank depletion approaches to controlling exotic annuals in threatened Box Gum woodlands

et al. 2015

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“…This can be achieved by burning prior to seed maturation. Importantly, strategic burning and grazing can also promote the health, vigour and competitiveness of native grass swards (Menke 1992;Zedler 2007;Cole et al 2016a). Similar effects can also be achieved by strategic grazing, although this is less well studied (Doll et al 2011;Cole et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar effects can also be achieved by strategic grazing, although this is less well studied (Doll et al 2011;Cole et al 2016b). Importantly, strategic burning and grazing can also promote the health, vigour and competitiveness of native grass swards (Menke 1992;Zedler 2007;Cole et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of native grasses and their impact on exotic annuals in degraded box gum woodlands

et al. 2017

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Restoration goals often involve the addition of new species to resident, degraded communities but in box gum woodlands such restoration is often constrained by competition from persistent exotic annuals that control critical ecological processes. Nutrient reduction (via carbon addition) and seed bank depletion are two approaches to reduce competition from exotic annuals but to be effective these treatments must allow establishment of species such as native grasses. This experiment was conducted in two degraded Austrostipa understoreys in the box gum woodlands of south-east Australia. It compares the effects of carbon addition (sugar), seed depletion (spring burning or spring grazing) and combinations of carbon addition and seed depletion treatments on the establishment of C3 and C4 native grasses, and measured the effects of their establishment on soil nitrate concentration and exotic annuals. Treatments that reduced exotic annual abundance did not increase initial germination of the C4 native grasses, Bothriochloa or Themeda. However, sugar increased seedling survival of Themeda and Bothriochloa and grazing increased seedling survival of Bothriochloa, presumably by reducing effects of exotic annuals. Poa and Rytidosperma (C3 native grasses) failed to establish. Although we were unable to detect any reduction in soil nitrate concentration, swards with successful recruitment of C4 grasses suppressed exotic annuals more than the Austrostipa-only swards at one site (the other was affected by wildfire). Further, Austrostipa-Themeda swards were more effective than Austrostipa-Bothriochloa for suppressing exotics, pointing to a role for both functional and species identity in the degree of resistance conferred.Standard error of the difference between two means. Within a treatment combination, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05.

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Early recovery process and restoration planning of burned pine forests in central eastern Korea

Lim

Cho

et al. 2018

J. For. Res.

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Fire Effects on Grasslands

Cited by 28 publications

References 131 publications

Nutrient versus seed bank depletion approaches to controlling exotic annuals in threatened Box Gum woodlands

Nutrient versus seed bank depletion approaches to controlling exotic annuals in threatened Box Gum woodlands

Establishment of native grasses and their impact on exotic annuals in degraded box gum woodlands

Early recovery process and restoration planning of burned pine forests in central eastern Korea

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