Fire dynamics inside a large and open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns: <i><scp>CodeRed</scp> #01</i>

Kotsovinos, Panagiotis; Rackauskaite, Egle; Christensen, Eirik G.; Glew, Adam; O’Loughlin, Eoin; Mitchell, Harry; Amin, Rikesh; Robert, Femi; Heidari, Mohammad; Barber, David; Rein, Guillermo; Schulz, Judith

doi:10.1002/fam.3049

Cited by 28 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There has been very little research conducted in relation to travelling fires in compartments with exposed timber linings, and there is currently no generalised guidance available. In a recent experiment in a large compartment with an exposed CLT ceiling, Kotsovinos et al (2022) found that the temperature profiles beneath the CLT ceiling were unlike the travelling fire methodologies in the literature. Although there have been few tests of mass timber compartments representative of open-plan layouts, recent experiments suggest that burning on ceiling surfaces will increase the fire spread rate and can result in a fully developed fire rather than a travelling fire (Liu & Fischer, 2022).…”

Section: Travelling Firesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…When interior finish materials include wood products (or other combustible materials), there is potential for surface flame spread and additional energy release from the finish materials which may increase the fire growth rate compared to the use of non-combustible finishes. This has been demonstrated by Kotsovinos et al (2022) who conducted an experiment burning wood cribs in a large open-plan compartment with a floor area of 352 m 2 that included a fully exposed CLT ceiling. They found that the rate of fire spread in this experiment was three to eight times faster than in an equivalent non-combustible compartment due to the presence of timber on the ceiling.…”

Section: Fire Growthmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…• Arup conducted an experiment on burning wood cribs in a large open-plan compartment with a floor area of 352 m 2 that included a fully exposed CLT ceiling (Kotsovinos et al, 2022). • American Wood Council Project with experiments carried out by the Research Institutes of Sweden (Brandon et al, 2021).…”

Section: Fire Experiments In Clt Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent full-scale experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of a water mist system in an open-plan compartment with an exposed timber ceiling (Kotsovinos et al, 2022).…”

Section: Water Mist Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings

Buchanan¹,

Östman²

2022

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This book provides guidance on the design of timber buildings for fire safety, developed within the global network Fire Safe Use of Wood (FSUW) and with reference to Eurocode 5 and other international codes. It introduces the behaviour of fires in timber buildings and describes strategies for providing safety if unwanted fires occur. It provides guidance on building design to prevent any fires from spreading while maintaining the load-bearing capacity of structural timber elements, connections and compartmentation. Also included is information on the reaction-to-fire of wood products according to different classification systems, as well as active measures of fire protection, and quality of workmanship and inspection as means of fulfilling fire safety objectives.

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Section: Travelling Firesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fire Growthmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Fire Experiments In Clt Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent full-scale experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of a water mist system in an open-plan compartment with an exposed timber ceiling (Kotsovinos et al, 2022).…”

Section: Water Mist Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings

Buchanan¹,

Östman²

2022

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“…The most significant effect of increasing the exposed areas of the timber surface in the compartment was a prolonged duration of the fully developed fire phase [24,25]. Kotsovinos et al [26] investigated the fire dynamics of large compartments. The test CodeRed #01 was carried out inside a large open-plan compartment with a floor area of 352 m 2 .…”

Section: Full-scale Fire Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Mass Timber Compartment Fires on Façade Fire Exposure

Engel

Werther

2022

Fire Technol

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This study investigates whether timber surfaces that are initially exposed to fire or partially protected timber components can lead to a more critical fire exposure on the façade. Five full-scale fire tests were carried out. Three tests with a square compartment (4.5 × 4.5 m2) and two with a double-width compartment (4.5 × 9 m2). The tests were conducted with a high fire load density (1085 MJ/m2). While the first test was carried out in a non-combustible compartment, the exposed timber surfaces were subsequently increased in the other tests. The measured compartment gas temperature, heat release rate, temperature on the façade, flame heights along the façade, heat flux and velocities along the façade are presented in this publication. The influence of exposed or only initially protected timber surfaces on the fire impact on the façade is investigated with the help of these results. Finally, these findings are presented and compared with the results of other internationally conducted fire tests from literature. Additional structural fire load leads to an increase in temperatures on the façade. However, there is no significant difference in flame height between the tests. Another result was that an exposed mass timber ceiling leads to higher heat fluxes on the façade than an exposed mass timber wall. Graphical Abstract

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Hintergründe und Nachweisgrundlagen zur Brandschutzbemessung von Brettsperrholzkonstruktionen – Teil 2

Werther,

Schmid,

Fahrni

et al. 2023

Bautechnik

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Im Rahmen dieses zweiteiligen Beitrags wird auf die brandschutztechnische Bemessung für Brettsperrholzelemente und ‐konstruktionen eingegangen und deren Besonderheit im Vergleich zu Voll‐ und Brettschichtholz aufgezeigt. Der zweite Teil erläutert die Nachweisansätze der raumabschließenden Funktion von bekleideten und unbekleideten Brettsperrholzbauteilen, stellt die Prinzipien zur brandschutztechnisch sicheren Detailausbildung dar und gibt Erläuterungen zum Einfluss von Brettsperrholz auf die Branddynamik.

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Fire dynamics inside a large and open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns: CodeRed #01

Abstract: Fire dynamics inside an open-plan compartment with an exposed CLT ceiling and glulam columns: CodeRed #01, Fire and Materials.

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings

Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings

Impact of Mass Timber Compartment Fires on Façade Fire Exposure

Hintergründe und Nachweisgrundlagen zur Brandschutzbemessung von Brettsperrholzkonstruktionen – Teil 2

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