Fire, death, and rebirth: A metaphoric analysis of the 1988 Yellowstone fire debate

Development and Validation of the Environmental Communication Scale

“…At the same time they have directed attention to specific environmental topics like endangered species (Peterson & Horton, 1995), ecosystem management (Backes, 1995;Cantrill, 1998), environmental groups (Lange, 1990;Short, 1991), and wildfires (Hardy- Short & Short, 1995). Across these efforts, scholars have deployed a host of research methods.…”

Keep Degrowth or go Rebirth? Regulatory focus theory and the support for a sustainable downscaling of production and consumption

“…1 . Rebirth is also a metaphoric frame commonly used by ecologists and environmentalists in dramatic situations (Hardy-Short & Short, 1995). It is "compatible with the view of Earth/nature as an open system", and suggests that "the greater value in something will be visible after its transformation by rebirth" (Hardy- Short & Short, 1995, p.107).…”

Fanning the flames: How U.S. newspapers framed 10 historically significant U.S. wildfires

“…A nalyzing the public debate, the news media reporting and themes of public discourse, Hardy-Short and Short (1995) discover two primary metaphors of death and rebirth: “the ecological view that public lands must be managed from a holistic view of resources and the human-centered view that resource use should recognize the preeminence of humans in policy-making” (p. 103, emphasis in original). While wildfire exists as a seasonal hazard for humans, it also represents an aspect of our culture and our biosystem, as historian Stephen J. Pyne (2001) reminds us: “Fire does biologically what human ceremonies have unfailingly declared it to do: it promotes and it purges” (p. 16).…”

“…Summarizing their findings, Hardy-Short and Short (1995) write that this role of fire as a cultural and biological presence as well as a hazard explains the antithetical images present in the discourse surrounding Yellowstone’s fires of 1988: This duality may indicate why forest fire policy and public reaction to fire is so strained. Fifty years of Smokey Bear telling us that only we can prevent forest fires is one of the most deeply embedded messages in American culture .…”