Fire and Vegetation History from the Coastal Rain Forest of the Western Oregon Coast Range

Long, Colin J.; Whitlock, Cathy

doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2378

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Modern calibration studies and theory support the interpretation of large charcoal accumulation rate peaks with associated erosional events as a result of severe fire, and that the fire intensity signal is stronger than the influence from fire proximity or extent (Higuera et al, 2007;Whitlock and Larsen, 2001;Duffin et al, 2008), however the lack of correlation between charcoal peaks and terrigenous deposits has been noted for some Cascadia lake sediments (e.g. Long et al, 1998;Long and Whitlock, 2002). Relevant to this study is the investigation of the fire history recorded at Little Lake, Oregon (central Oregon Coast range), by Long et al (1998) who show that charcoal accumulation rate peaks do not correlate with the magnetic susceptibility records (r = 0.288) at that site.…”

Section: Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As a result, lakes west of the Cascade Range have been cored and used extensively for reconstructions of climate, vegetation and fire history (e.g. Dearing and Jones, 2003;Karlin et al, 2004;Long et al, 1998;Briles et al, 2008;Whitlock et al, 2008;Long et al, 2007;Walsh et al, 2010;Prichard et al, 2009;Long and Whitlock, 2002, and many others). Cascadia forearc lakes have not been considered good candidates for palaeoseismology because many are small with limited clastic input due to their heavily forested catchments and lack of large elevation gradients.…”

Section: Cascadia Inland Lakes As Recorders Of Great Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are great Cascadia earthquakes recorded in the sedimentary records from small forearc lakes?

Morey

Goldfinger

Briles

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Here we investigate sedimentary records from four small inland lakes located in the southern Cascadia forearc region for evidence of earthquakes. Three of these lakes are in the Klamath Mountains near the Oregon-California border, and one is in the central Oregon Coast range. The sedimentary sequences recovered from these lakes are composed of normal lake sediment interbedded with disturbance event layers. The thickest of these layers are graded, and appear to be turbidites or linked debrites (turbidites with a basal debris-flow deposit), suggesting rapid deposition. Variations in particle size and organic content of these layers are reflected in the density and magnetic susceptibility data. The frequency and timing of these events, based on radiocarbon ages from detrital organics, is similar to the offshore seismogenic turbidite record from trench and slope basin cores along the Cascadia margin. Stratigraphic correlation of these anomalous deposits based on radiocarbon ages, down-core density, and magnetic susceptibility data between lake and offshore records suggest synchronous triggering. The areal extent and multiple depositional environments over which these events appear to correlate suggest that these deposits were most likely caused by shaking during great Cascadia earthquakes.

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Section: Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cascadia Inland Lakes As Recorders Of Great Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are great Cascadia earthquakes recorded in the sedimentary records from small forearc lakes?

Morey

Goldfinger

Briles

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…At Taylor Lake on the northern Oregon coast (Fig. 3), fire frequency decreased after w2700 cal BP, possibly reflecting decreased summer drought and increased summer fog (Long and Whitlock, 2002). Fire frequency increased between w4200 and 3000 cal yr BP in Oregon coastal lakes, possibly due to an increase in summer droughts, which would be expected from increased persistence of positive PDO conditions in the North Pacific (Long et al, 2007).…”

Section: Oregon and Northern California Marginmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enhanced Late Holocene ENSO/PDO expression along the margins of the eastern North Pacific

Barron

Anderson

2011

Quaternary International

143

158

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a b s t r a c tPacific climate is known to have varied during the Holocene, but spatial patterns remain poorly defined. This paper compiles terrestrial and marine proxy data from sites along the northeastern Pacific margins and proposes that they indicate 1) suppressed ENSO conditions during the middle Holocene between w8000 and 4000 cal BP with a North Pacific that generally resembled a La Niña-like or more negative PDO phase and 2) a climate transition between w4200 and 3000 cal BP that appears to be the teleconnected expression to a more modern-like ENSO Pacific. Compared to modern day conditions, the compiled data suggest that during the middle Holocene, the Aleutian Low was generally weaker during the winter and/or located more to the west, while the North Pacific High was stronger during the summer and located more to the north. Coastal upwelling off California was more enhanced during the summer and fall but suppressed during the spring. Oregon and California sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were cooler. The Santa Barbara Basin had an anomalous record, suggesting warmer SSTs.Late Holocene records indicate a more variable, El Niño-like, and more positive PDO Pacific. The Aleutian Low became more intensified during the winter and/or located more to the east. The North Pacific High became weaker and/or displaced more to the south. Coastal upwelling off California intensified during the spring but decreased during the fall. Oregon and California SSTs became warmer, recording the shoreward migration of sub-tropical gyre waters during the fall, while spring upwelling (cooler SST) increased in the Santa Barbara Basin. The high-resolution proxy records indicate enhanced ENSO and PDO variability after w4000 cal BP off southern California, w3400 cal BP off northern California, and by w2000 cal BP in southwestern Yukon. A progressively northward migration of the ENSO teleconnection during the late Holocene is proposed.

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“…In these forests, the main successional pathway is characterized by Douglas-fir colonization after fire, Douglas-fir dominance during the first 200 to 300 years, and then slow succession to a ''climax'' forest dominated by the shade tolerant (but fire intolerant) western red cedar (Thuja plicata), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) as the stand ages (Munger 1940). However, because the historic fire return interval in these forests averaged between 180-270 years (Agee 1993, Long andWhitlock 2002), many of these stands were continually dominated by Douglas-fir, since stands were often reset by fire prior to succeeding to western hemlock and western red cedar dominance. Such forests occupy a wide range of soil moisture conditions, from mesic sites in valley bottoms to more xeric sites on ridgetops, but generally are not found in the more hydric conditions typical of floodplains.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

2012

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Abstract. Quantifying the attributes of reference sites is a crucial problem in the restoration of ecosystems, driving both the evaluation of current conditions and the setting of management targets for specific points in the future. Restoration of riparian ecosystems, particularly those dominated by conifers, has become a priority because of the numerous ecosystem services they provide, including a high number of vertebrate species in population decline that utilize these structurally complex forests. By way of example, we illustrate a three-step process to assess the effects of proposed riparian ecosystem restoration efforts: (1) identify reference sites (2) quantify metrics that describe the reference sites, and (3) use models to predict the likely effects of restoration actions relative to reference conditions. To this end, we identified 117 natural, late-successional conifer dominated stands from existing forest inventories in the Pacific Northwest for the purpose of establishing reference conditions. We did this to establish quantitative metrics for structural attributes essential to the maintenance of biodiversity in these forests, and to assess whether there were any important quantitative differences between upland and riparian forests or whether upland and riparian forest reference sites could be used interchangeably. Both forest types were generally similar, but riparian stands had higher average live tree wood volumes and basal areas, suggesting they may be growing on sites that are more productive. Both riparian and upland forests had abundant large diameter (.50 cm) live trees and snags. Collectively, our data suggest that mature, late-successional conifer dominated forests have well developed structural characteristics in terms of abundant large trees in the overstory, abundant large snags, and a well-developed understory of shade-tolerant trees. We modeled the growth of young conifer stands to assess whether a common restoration treatment would accelerate development of structural characteristics typical of reference conditions. We found that left untreated, the stands followed a trajectory towards developing forest structure similar to the average reference condition. In contrast, the restoration treatment followed a developmental trajectory along the outside range of reference conditions.

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Fire and Vegetation History from the Coastal Rain Forest of the Western Oregon Coast Range

Cited by 73 publications

References 34 publications

Are great Cascadia earthquakes recorded in the sedimentary records from small forearc lakes?

Are great Cascadia earthquakes recorded in the sedimentary records from small forearc lakes?

Enhanced Late Holocene ENSO/PDO expression along the margins of the eastern North Pacific

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

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