FIR modeling of voltage instrument transformers from frequency response data

Dadić, Martin; Župan, Tomislav; Kolar, Gabrijel

doi:10.23919/smagrimet.2018.8369834

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Hence, such modelling approach based on the LV frequency response measurements fails to apply for frequencies above 2 kHz where the resonance effects are observed. A wideband finite impulse response (FIR) model for an IVT based on Wiener filtering and LV sinusoidal frequency response data is presented in [23]. The model developed is used for the time domain response estimation for different transient excitations.…”

Section: ) Ivt Frequency Response Models That Utilize Low Voltage Sin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This paper presents the details of the development, evaluation process, and results of linear and nonlinear time-invariant models used to represent the frequency response of inductive high-voltage instrument transformers. The study encompasses both sinusoidal and distorted quasi-sinusoidal test waveform conditions, focusing on harmonic voltage amplitude and phase-angle measurements up to 10 kHz. A linear time-invariant model was derived using a higher-order transfer-function estimation technique that minimized the least-squares error between the measured frequency response of the transformer and the estimated transfer function across harmonic orders ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz. Acknowledging the limited validity of the linear time-invariant model under multi-tone distorted waveform conditions, a nonlinear timeinvariant model employing a simplified Volterra series was introduced to represent the instrument transformer frequency response under multi-tone distorted waveform scenarios. The accuracy of both models was rigorously assessed using the experimental frequency responses obtained through sinusoidal lowvoltage-frequency sweep signals and multi-tone-distorted high-voltage waveforms. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of instrument transformers at high frequencies under different input voltage conditions, providing valuable insights into the accuracy of high-frequency harmonic measurements up to 10 kHz.INDEX TERMS Frequency domain analysis, frequency response, high-voltage techniques, instrument transformers, nonlinear systems, power quality, power system harmonics, transfer functions.

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Section: ) Ivt Frequency Response Models That Utilize Low Voltage Sin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the above notation, the relationship between the input and output identification signal vectors can be written according to (23).…”

Section: Identification Process Of Volterra Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…In the literature, this is confirmed by many publications. For example, models for ITs, and, in particular, for CTs and voltage transformers (VTs), are developed in [ 33 , 34 , 35 ] respectively. As for LPITs, they have been modeled in [ 36 , 37 ] for LPVTs and Rogowski coils, respectively.…”

Section: Importance Of Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy Type Test for Rogowski Coils Subjected to Distorted Signals, Temperature, Humidity, and Position Variations

Mingotti

Costa

Peretto

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Low-Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs) are becoming the first choice for distributed measurement systems for medium voltage networks. However, there are still a lot of challenges related to their operation. Such challenges include their accuracy variation when several influence quantities are acting on them. Among the most significant influence quantities are temperature, electromagnetic field, humidity, etc. Another aspect that increases the importance of studying the LPITs’ accuracy behavior is that, once installed, they cannot be calibrated for several years; hence, one cannot compensate for in-field conditions. Hence, this work aims at introducing a simple type test for a specific LPIT, the Rogowski coil. First, an experimental setup to assess the effect of temperature, humidity, and positioning on the power quality accuracy performance of the Rogowski coil is described. Second, from the results and the experience of the authors it has been possible to design a specific type test. The test has the aim of finding the limits of the accuracy variations of a single Rogowski coil. Afterwards, such limits can be used to compensate for the in-field measurements, obtaining an overall higher accuracy. The results of this work may contribute to the always-evolving standardization work on LPITs.

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“…In parallel, researchers are very active and prolific regarding the studies on ITs. For example, the modeling of ITs and LPITs is described in [13][14][15][16]. In detail, [13] treats voltage transformers, [14] non-conventional ITS, and [15,16] tackles current transformers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Importance of Characterizing Virtual PMUs for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Twin Applications

Mingotti

Costa

Cavaliere

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In recent years, the introduction of real-time simulators (RTS) has changed the way of researching the power network. In particular, researchers and system operators (SOs) are now capable of simulating the complete network and of making it interact with the real world thanks to the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and digital twin (DT) concepts. Such tools create infinite scenarios in which the network can be tested and virtually monitored to, for example, predict and avoid faults or energy shortages. Furthermore, the real-time monitoring of the network allows estimating the status of the electrical assets and consequently undertake their predictive maintenance. The success of the HIL and DT application relies on the fact that the simulated network elements (cables, generation, accessories, converters, etc.) are correctly modeled and characterized. This is particularly true if the RTS acquisition capabilities are used to enable the HIL and the DT. To this purpose, this work aims at emphasizing the role of a preliminary characterization of the virtual elements inside the RTS system, experimentally verifying how the overall performance is significantly affected by them. To this purpose, a virtual phasor measurement unit (PMU) is tested and characterized to understand its uncertainty contribution. To achieve that, firstly, the characterization of a virtual PMU calibrator is described. Afterward, the virtual PMU calibration is performed, and the results clearly highlight its key role in the overall uncertainty. It is then possible to conclude that the characterization of the virtual elements, or models, inside RTS systems (omitted most of the time) is fundamental to avoid wrong results. The same concepts can be extended to all those fields that exploit HIL and DT capabilities.

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FIR modeling of voltage instrument transformers from frequency response data

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Accuracy Type Test for Rogowski Coils Subjected to Distorted Signals, Temperature, Humidity, and Position Variations

On the Importance of Characterizing Virtual PMUs for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Twin Applications

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