Finlandisation versus westernisation: Political recognition and Finland's European Union membership debate

Moisio, Sami

doi:10.1080/14608940701819785

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite the derogatory term, ''Finlandization,'' Finland's position in the Cold War involved this approach and Norway maintained some distance from NATO by excluding non-Norwegian military bases on Norwegian territory (Moisio 2003(Moisio , 2006(Moisio , 2008Hilson 2008;Baldersheim and Ståhlberg 1999). At the end of the Cold War this distance that had been a very special Nordic security asset suddenly and disconcertingly Arrows show past and future movements from more peripheral to more central organizations.…”

Section: Region As Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multilayered regionalization in Northern Europe

Adams

2011

GeoJournal

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The broadening and deepening of Europe as a macro-region impels processes of expansion, contraction and transformation in sub-regions positioned within the EU and across the EU's border. Recent arguments stress the idea of regionalization as a multi-layered process. Using Northern Europe as a study site, three such layers are explored: territorially bounded regionalization in the voting patterns of the Eurovision Song Contest, networked regionalization in the membership of intergovernmental organizations, and fluid regionalization in the geography of language. The associated regionalization processes are explained and visualized using mixed methodologies. Across these three layers of regionalization we can see the persistence of a Scandinavian core, but various territorial, networked and fluid forms of regionalization are stretching and pulling at the edges of Nordic regionalizations.

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Section: Region As Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multilayered regionalization in Northern Europe

Adams

2011

GeoJournal

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“…The 'Westernizers' supported membership as a means to increase de facto independence, i.e. to reduce Russia's potential to interfere in Finnish politics (known as 'Finlandization') which had prevented 'unquestionable recognition' by the Western states during the Cold War period (Moisio, 2006(Moisio, , 2008. Before membership, opponents argued that Finland would lose its independence if the state entered the EU, a prediction given by, for example, the Euro-critical factions of the Christian Party, Central Party, and the Left Alliance (Paloheimo, 2000).…”

Section: The Contested Geopolitics Of 'Independence' In the Transnatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Paasi

2016

Political Geography

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Nationalism is frequently considered as an extreme, 'hot' phenomenon related to often violent nation/ state-building processes. Billig's Banal Nationalism turned the attention to how nationalism is also 'flagged' and routinely reproduced in existing states. This article studies the mobilization of these forms of nationalism and suggests that independence is a useful notion in bridging the hot/banal divide and for tracing the 'hot in the banal'. Whereas for separatist movements independence is primarily a goal aspired to, in existing states independence/sovereignty is used to bring together hot and banal forms of nationalism which are mobilized in reproducing the discourses/practices related to the purported national identity. This paper first outlines a heuristic framework for conceptualizing independence and its key dimensions in relation to hot and banal nationalism as well as state-territory building. Secondly, the paper will study empirically the merit of the notion of independence regarding nationalism research via four themes:(1) the role of independence in Finland's state/nation-building process, spatial socialization and in mixing hot and banal nationalism; (2) the use of the 'independence card' by (nationalist) parties; (3) the mobilization of nationalist practices/discourses in the performativity of Finnish Independence Day; and (4) the resistance that the independence celebrations have incited. This study shows that the idea of independence in this context is inward-looking, draws on Othering, and is flagged in media and spatial socialization (e.g. education) using particular iconographies, landscapes, events, and memories related above all to wars. Rather than expressing hot or banal nationalism these discourses/practices effectively merge the two, challenging any simple dichotomy between them. The performativity of Independence Day in particular displays this blending.

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“…In the post-World War II international order, Finland's unique position between the Soviet Union and 'the West' was seen by some commentators as capitulating to Soviet influence, constructing a relationship between the two states that ranged from benevolent realpolitik to claims about Finland being 'remote-controlled' by the USSR (Moisio, 2008). This meant, among other things, military neutrality and consulting the USSR before joining major European trade agreements.…”

Section: Finlandisation and Its Discontentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finlandisation or media logic? The Estonian–Russian border incident of 2014 in Finnish, Estonian and British press

Hjelm

Vaher

2017

Media, Culture & Society

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This article examines the construction of the Estonian–Russian border incident of 2014, where an Estonian security officer ended captured by Russian authorities, in Finnish, Estonian and British press. It asks (a) How did the press construct the event and the actors in the reporting of the Kohver case in Finnish, Estonian and British press? What happened? Who did what? Who was responsible? What is the outcome of these constructions? Are there differences in national reporting? (b) Can ‘Finlandisation’ explain the discursive choices in the press constructions? By Finlandisation we refer to a hypothesis about the effects that the proximity of a major power in the context of international tension has on media discourse and culture more broadly. We argue that although the discourse of the Kohver case in Finnish, Estonian and British press could be subsumed under the term ‘Finlandisation’ in the case of the first two countries, a more fruitful approach would be to consider the discursive differences in the framework of the ‘domestication’ of news. This implies that explaining the tone of the news discourse is as much a matter of media logic as it is of underlying and/or implicit ideology.

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Finlandisation versus westernisation: Political recognition and Finland's European Union membership debate

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Multilayered regionalization in Northern Europe

Multilayered regionalization in Northern Europe

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Finlandisation or media logic? The Estonian–Russian border incident of 2014 in Finnish, Estonian and British press

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