Finite temperature dense matter studies on next-generation light sources

Lee, Richard W.; Moon, Stephen J.; Chung, H.‐K.; Rozmus, W.; Baldis, H. A.; Gregori, G.; Cauble, R.; Landen, O. L.; Wark, J. S.; Ng, A.; Rose, S. J.; Lewis, Ciaran; Riley, David; Gauthier, J. C.; Audebert, P.

doi:10.1364/josab.20.000770

Cited by 149 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The point of this experiment was to measure the rate of sample damage, and thereby understand both fundamental light-matter interactions [41] and the ultimate resolution limits of flash imaging techniques [18]. A sample loaded with spherical polystyrene particles was used as the test object.…”

Section: Measuring the Speed Of Sample Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Barty

2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The ultra-intense, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources are ideally suited to time resolved studies of structural dynamics with spatial resolution from nanometre to atomic length scales and temporal resolution of 10 fs or less. Using coherent X-ray diffraction as a diagnostic, XFELs enable the capturing of X-ray snapshots of previously unmeasurable transient phenomena, and the study of ultrafast processes such as sample damage on the timescales which they occur. With enough photons in a single pulse to enable single-shot measurements, and short enough pulses to freeze atomic motion, researchers now have a new window into the time evolution ultrafast phenomena that are intrinsically not cyclic in nature. In this review paper we recap some of the key time-resolved imaging experiments performed at FLASH and look ahead to a new generation of experiments at higher resolution using a new generation of new XFEL sources that are only just becoming available.

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Section: Measuring the Speed Of Sample Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Barty

2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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“…Due to the development of intense X-ray free-electron lasers it becomes possible to gain a fundamental understanding of the transition between cold solid and hot plasma conditions. This transient state is referred as Warm Dense Matter (WDM) [10]. The WDM regime is characterized by comparable thermal and Fermi energies and strong ion-ion coupling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and optical properties of warm dense copper

Miloshevsky

Hassanein

2015

Phys. Rev. E

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The emission of X-rays from warm dense matter is of great interest for both spectroscopic diagnostics and development of intense X-ray sources. We report the results from the collisionalradiative steady state (CRSS) modeling of atomic and optical properties of copper plasmas at near-solid and solid-state density for a range of temperatures. The CRSS model is validated against the available data on the average charge state and shifts of energy levels in aluminum and the opacity and emissivity spectra of carbon and aluminum plasmas. The average charge states, number density of ion species, and free electrons as a function of temperature are investigated for the solid-density copper plasma. Due to dense plasma environment the four outer electrons are found to be unbounded even in the low-temperature limit ~1 eV. As the temperature changes from 1 eV to 100 eV, the predominant species vary from five-fold to twelve-fold ionized copper ions. The opacity and emissivity spectra of dense copper plasmas are studied using the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE approaches. It is found that the non-LTE effects are important in the spectral region of soft X-rays emitted from the K-shell. The emissivity in spectral lines is completely suppressed indicating the importance of the energy-dissipating radiative processes in this soft X-ray region. The line broadening and red shifts of the K-shell 2 and L-shell spectral lines toward higher wavelengths are observed with the increase of plasma density. These results have important implications for understanding the radiative properties of warm dense copper and can be useful for future experimental studies. * gennady@purdue.edu 3

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“…These brilliant FEL-sources of extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation provide short pulses of intensities inaccessible before. A response of irradiated materials to femtosecond X-ray laser pulses has been intensively studied both experimentally [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and theoretically [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal phase transitions in semiconductors under femtosecond XUV irradiation

2013

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When a semiconductor or a dielectric is irradiated with ultrashort intense X-ray pulse, several processes occur: first the photoabsorption brings the electron subsystem out of equilibrium, bringing valence or deeper shells electrons into high energy states of the conduction band. Then, secondary electron cascading promotes further electrons of the valence to conduction band increasing their number there. These electrons also influence the atomic motion, modifying the interatomic forces. This process is known as a nonthermal melting. It can turn a material into a new phase state on ultrashort timescales. Recently developed hybrid model for treating all of these processes with different computational tools was reported in [N. Medvedev et al, New J. Phys. 15, 015016 (2013)]. Based on this model, we present here further investigations of nonthermal processes occurring in diamond under irradiation with a FLASH pulse of 10 fs FWHM and 92 eV photon energy. It is shown that the diamond turns into graphite under such irradiation, independently whether constant pressure or constant volume modeling is performed. However, for the latter case, the time of the nonthermal phase transition is longer (few tens of fs for P=const vs few hundreds of fs for V=const) and the damage threshold is slightly higher (0.69 eV/atom vs 0.74 eV/atom, correspondingly).

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Finite temperature dense matter studies on next-generation light sources

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Atomic and optical properties of warm dense copper

Non-thermal phase transitions in semiconductors under femtosecond XUV irradiation

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