Finite-size effects on the evolution of magnetic correlations and magnetocaloric properties of Pr0.4Bi0.2Sr0.4MnO3

Abstract

The effect of particle size reduction on the magnetic correlations of Pr0.4Bi0.2Sr0.4MnO3 nanoparticles prepared by top-down approach has been studied in detail. It was observed that as the milling time increases from 0 to 240 min, particle size decreases from 160 to 12 nm. Correspondingly it was observed that the ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC) drops (264 to 213 K) and saturation magnetization (MS) decreases (2.12–0.41 $${\upmu }_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{f}.\mathrm{u}.$$ μ B / f . u . ) while coercivity (HC) shows a monotonous increase (0.18–1.5 kOe) as the particle size decreases due to increase in milling. The magnetic entropy change (ΔS) also decreases (2.41–0.24 J/kg-K) as particle size decreases indicating a strong correlation between magnetism and particle size. The metamagnetic M–H response of the bulk sample, which signifies the magnetic phase coexistence, is suppressed, and the nature of magnetic interactions demonstrates a transition from long range to short range. The observed characteristics emphasizes that with particle size reduction there is an increase in the surface disorder which can be explained by considering the core–shell model for the nanoparticles. Graphic abstract

Paramagnetic two-dimensional silicon-oxide from natural silicates

“…The possibility of magnetic behavior that can be expected here is enhanced superparamagnetism in the material due to the dominance of thermal fluctuations and also higher surface atoms leading to surface spins [28,29]. Reduced crystallite size can also impact magnetic susceptibility due to finite size effects [30]. Another important change that we observed from XRD is the increase in microstrain after exfoliation, this could be due to the small localized distortions within the crystal lattice of the material.…”

Investigation of the impact of A-site cation disorder on the structure, magnetic properties, and magnetic entropy change of trisubstituted divalent ions in La0.7(Ba,Ca,Sr)0.3MnO3 manganite

“…40 From the crystallite size, the dislocation density ( δ dislocation ) can be derived using the relationship δ = 1/ D 2 . 41 The notable decrease in D may be attributed to an increased rate of dislocation densities. The structural parameters obtained are presented in Table 2.…”

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