The question on connection between the structure of a finite group G and the properties of the indices of elements of G has been a popular research topic for many years. The p-index |x G | p of an element x of a group G is the p-part of its index |x G | = |G : C G (x)|. The presented short note describes some new results and open problems in this direction, united by the concept of the p-index of a group element.