“…adverse when there is an increase in τ G . Therefore, Kosempel (2004) said that Barro curve considers only "second-type expenditure" while first "type-expenditure" adversely impacts the economic growth always. Further, Lee et al (2017) considering all these studies, and proposed a theoretical model which contained both consumer side (demand) and producer side (supply) expenditures, and reached to the three channels through which economic growth altered by expenditure which are as follows: First, crowding effect, second, spinoff effect, and third, resources mobilization effect (see for more details, Lee et al, 2017).…”