We consider the problem of counting and of listing topologically inequivalent
"planar" {4-valent} maps with a single component and a given number n of
vertices. This enables us to count and to tabulate immersions of a circle in a
sphere (spherical curves), extending results by Arnold and followers. Different
options where the circle and/or the sphere are/is oriented are considered in
turn, following Arnold's classification of the different types of symmetries.
We also consider the case of bicolourable and bicoloured maps or immersions,
where faces are bicoloured. Our method extends to immersions of a circle in a
higher genus Riemann surface. There the bicolourability is no longer automatic
and has to be assumed. We thus have two separate countings in non zero genus,
that of bicolourable maps and that of general maps. We use a classical method
of encoding maps in terms of permutations, on which the constraints of
"one-componentness" and of a given genus may be applied. Depending on the
orientation issue and on the bicolourability assumption, permutations for a map
with n vertices live in S(4n) or in S(2n). In a nutshell, our method reduces to
the counting (or listing) of orbits of certain subset of S(4n) (resp. S(2n))
under the action of the centralizer of a certain element of S(4n) (resp.
S(2n)). This is achieved either by appealing to a formula by Frobenius or by a
direct enumeration of these orbits. Applications to knot theory are briefly
mentioned.Comment: 46 pages, 18 figures, 9 tables. Version 2: added precisions on the
notion used for the equivalence of immersed curves, new references. Version
3: Corrected typos, one array in Appendix B1 was duplicated by mistake, the
position of tables and the order of the final sections have been modified,
results unchanged. To be published in the Journal of Knot Theory and Its
Ramification