Finite-Element Thermal Analysis and Grain Growth Behavior of HAZ on Argon Tungsten-Arc Welding of 443 Stainless Steel

Wang, Yichen; Deng, Min; Zheng, Yuhong; Liu, Shisen; Wang, Wenxian; Zhang, Zhaohan

doi:10.3390/met6040077

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The grain size data for the stainless-steel plate SS316L was formulated using a simple kinetic model Equation (1). As presented in Figure 6, the constant grain growth exponent n is attained by the gradient of the straight line.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain size in stainless steel has been recently considered related to mechanical properties and fatigue strength by [1]- [4] while the grain size related to corrosion resistance has been studied by [5]- [7]. The final grain size after recovery, recrystallization, and phase transformations, will be the last microstructure and mechanical properties of stated metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Analysis on Grain Growth Kinetics of SS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Mat¹,

Manurung²,

Busari³

et al. 2021

JMechE

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This paper presents an investigation of austenitic stainless steel grain growth kinetics of SS316L under different heating temperature ranges and holding times. The main variables such as apparent activation energy (Q), rate constant (K), and kinetic exponent (n) were analyzed to understand the grain growth kinetics in austenitic stainless steel. The empirical procedure was developed leading to the obtainment of variables that could define the grain growth kinetics based on different temperature ranges. The heat treatment process was isothermally held using quenching and deformations dilatometer at a temperature ranging from 900 °C to 1200 °C and holding times between 30 s to 240 s. The kinetic rates were estimated using an empirical equation. Based on the observations obtained by using optical microscopy. The result shows that the grain size can be predicted at a lower temperature than 1200 °C. However, the grains show irregular growth at a recrystallization temperature of 1200 °C which leads to a difficult estimation of grain size. It was observed that the variation in values of n and K are associated with the precipitation of the different micro-alloyed elements presented in the stainless steel SS316L. It can be also concluded that the texture plays an important role in the resulting kinetics change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis on Grain Growth Kinetics of SS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Mat¹,

Manurung²,

Busari³

et al. 2021

JMechE

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“…Therefore, precipitation decreased as the peak temperature increased from 950 to 1350 °C. According to Zener's theory of the relationship between precipitate and grain growth, the grain boundary migration is suppressed when the precipitate is coarse particle, high volume fraction, and uniform distribution [32][33][34]. In order to investigate the correlation among size, fraction, and distribution of the precipitates and grain size, the precipitate size was measured quantitatively with the increase in peak temperature using a Murakami etching photograph.…”

Section: Correlation Between Peak Temperature and Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characteristics and m23c6 Precipitate Behavior of the Course-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of T23 Steel without Post-Weld Heat Treatment

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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The microstructural characteristics of a simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) in SA213-T23 (2.25Cr-1.6W steel) used for boiler tubes employed in thermal power plants were investigated using nital, alkaline sodium picrate, and Murakami's etchants. In order to investigate the microstructure formation process of the HAZ in the welding process, simulated HAZ specimens were fabricated at intervals of 100 • C for peak temperatures between 950 and 1350 • C, and the microstructural features and precipitate behavior at various peak temperatures were observed. The alkaline-sodium-picrate-etched microstructures exhibited a black dot or band, which was not observed in the natal-etched microstructure. As the temperature increased from 950 to 1350 • C, the black dot and band became wider and thicker. Experimental analyses using an electron probe micro-analyzer, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy revealed the appearance of austenite in the black dot region at a peak temperature of 950 • C; its amount increased up to a peak temperature of 1050 • C and thereafter decreased as the peak temperature further increased. The amount of M23C6 decreased with an increase in peak temperature. Based on these results, we investigated the behaviors of austenite and M23C6 as functions of the peak temperature.

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“…The coarsening of austenite grain would debase the mechanical properties. To refine the grain size of RAFM steels, alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and tantalum (Ta) are generally added [ 7 , 8 ]. These alloying elements can contribute to the formation of second phase particles (M 23 C 6 and MX), both of which can affect the austenite grain size at high temperatures [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Precipitate Evolution on Austenite Grain Growth in RAFM Steel

et al. 2017

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To study the effects of various types of precipitates and precipitate evolution behavior on austenite (size and phase fraction) in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel, RAFM steel was heated to various austenitizing temperatures. The microstructures of specimens were observed using optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the M23C6 and MX precipitates gradually coarsen and dissolve into the matrix as the austenitizing temperatures increase. The M23C6 precipitates dissolve completely at 1100 °C, while the MX precipitates dissolve completely at 1200 °C. The evolution of two types of precipitate has a significant effect on the size of austenite. Based on the Zener pinning model, the effect of precipitate evolution on austenite grain size is quantified. It was found that the coarsening and dissolution of M23C6 and MX precipitates leads to a decrease in pinning pressure on grain boundaries, facilitating the rapid growth of austenite grains. The austenite phase fraction is also affected by the coarsening and dissolution of precipitates.

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Finite-Element Thermal Analysis and Grain Growth Behavior of HAZ on Argon Tungsten-Arc Welding of 443 Stainless Steel

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental Analysis on Grain Growth Kinetics of SS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Experimental Analysis on Grain Growth Kinetics of SS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Microstructural Characteristics and m23c6 Precipitate Behavior of the Course-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of T23 Steel without Post-Weld Heat Treatment

The Effect of Precipitate Evolution on Austenite Grain Growth in RAFM Steel

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