Finite Element Simulation of Stainless Steel Porous Scaffolds for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Its Experimental Investigation

Xu, Shubo; Ma, Hailong; Song, Xiujuan; Zhang, Sen; Hu, Xinzhi; Meng, Zixiang

doi:10.3390/coatings13010134

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the surface of sintered structures appear attached un-melted stainless-steel particles with a spherical shape and sizes in agreement with the information from the producer. Such particles are also reported in the literature as being useful for facilitating the adhesion of several coatings [25,26]. The surface of the rPET reinforced SLM structure has a similar microstructure to the one observed for the un-filled one, but the details are less sharp due to the polymer layer penetration over the sintered stainless-steel structure (Figure 7b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM

Rusu,

Balc,

Moldovan

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling is one of the most important environmental issues, assuring a cleaner environment and reducing the carbon footprint of technological products, taking into account the quantities used year by year. The recycling possibilities depend on the quality of the collected material and on the targeted product. Current research aims to increase recycling quantities by putting together recycled PET in an innovative way as a filler for the additive manufactured metallic lattice structure. Starting from the structures mentioned above, a new range of composite materials was created: IPC (interpenetrating phase composites), materials with a complex architecture in which a solid phase, the reinforcement, is uniquely combined with the other phase, heated to the temperature of melting. The lattice structure was modeled by the intersection of two rings using Solid Works, which generates the lattice structure, which was further produced by an additive manufacturing technique from 316L stainless steel. The compressive strength shows low values for recycled PET, of about 26 MPa, while the stainless-steel lattice structure has about 47 MPa. Recycled PET molding into the lattice structure increases its compressive strength at 53 MPa. The Young’s moduli are influenced by the recycled PET reinforcement by an increase from about 1400 MPa for the bare lattice structure to about 1750 MPa for the reinforced structure. This sustains the idea that recycled PET improves the composite elastic behavior due to its superior Young’s modulus of about 1570 MPa, acting synergically with the stainless-steel lattice structure. The morphology was investigated with SEM microscopy, revealing the binding ability of recycled PET to the 316L surface, assuring a coherent composite. The failure was also investigated using SEM microscopy, revealing that the microstructural unevenness may act as a local tensor, which promotes the interfacial failure within local de-laminations that weakens the composite, which finally breaks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM

Rusu,

Balc,

Moldovan

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…As one of the current medical metal materials, 316 l stainless steel shows such advantages as strong corrosion resistance, excellent mechanical properties, low price and good machinability, etc. Xu et al [87] produced the 316 l stainless steel porous scaffolds suitable for skeletal prostheses by simulation as well as experimentation, showing excellent mechanical properties and high elastic modulus. Ideally, metallic implants are supposedly degradable according to the exact needs of the patient.…”

Section: Materials For Amed Bone Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of additively manufactured bone scaffold: a systematic review

Shi,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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The application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology plays a significant role in various fields, incorporating a wide range of cutting-edge technologies such as aerospace, medical treatment, electronic information, and materials. It is currently widely adopted for medical services, national defense, and industrial manufacturing. In recent years, AM has also been extensively employed to produce bone scaffolds and implant materials. Through AM, products can be manufactured without being constrained by complex internal structures. AM is particularly advantageous in the production of macroscopically irregular and microscopically porous biomimetic bone scaffolds, with short production cycles required. In this paper, AM commonly used to produce bone scaffolds and orthopedic implants is overviewed to analyze the different materials and structures adopted for AM. The applications of antibacterial bone scaffolds and bone scaffolds in biologically relevant animal models are discussed. Also, the influence on the comprehensive performance of product mechanics, mass transfer, and biology is explored. By identifying the reasons for the limited application of existing AM in the biomedical field, the solutions are proposed. This study provides an important reference for the future development of AM in the field of orthopedic healthcare. In conclusion, various AM technologies, the requirements of bone scaffolds and the important role of AM in building bridges between biomaterials, additives, and bone tissue engineering scaffolds are described and highlighted. Nevertheless, more caution should be exercised when designing bone scaffolds and conducting in vivo trials, due to the lack of standardized processes, which prevents the accuracy of results and reduces the reliability of information.

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Effects of build orientation and hatch spacing on high-speed milling behavior of L-PBF 316L stainless steel

Kaya,

Köklü,

Ergüder

et al. 2023

Materials Testing

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Due to the philosophy of the process, the surface roughness is usually high for the parts produced with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM). Parts produced by this method need surface quality improvement processes for many applications. One of the methods used for this purpose is high speed machining (HSM). HSM is a modern manufacturing technique that offers several benefits, including improved productivity, enhanced product quality, and reduced production costs. In addition, HSM can improve the quality of finished products by reducing machining errors. In this study, samples produced with 316L powder in size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm using three different hatch spacings (60, 70, 80 µm) and building orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) were produced by L-PBF method, and HSM process was applied to these samples. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of porosity, microstructure and microhardness properties of 316L samples produced by L-PBF method using different hatch spacings and build orientations on cutting forces, surface roughness and burr formation in HSM. When the numerical values of the cutting forces were analyzed in both x and y directions, it was observed that the greatest cutting force occurred in the x direction. While the Fx force ranged from 6.23 to 9.35 N, the Fy force ranged from 4.88 to 8.27 N. It has been determined that as the build orientation increases at the same hatch spacing value, the cutting forces increase due to the increased porosity ratio.

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Finite Element Simulation of Stainless Steel Porous Scaffolds for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Its Experimental Investigation

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM

Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM

Application of additively manufactured bone scaffold: a systematic review

Effects of build orientation and hatch spacing on high-speed milling behavior of L-PBF 316L stainless steel

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