Finite Element Models of the Knee Joint

Trad, Zahra; Barkaoui, Abdelwahed; Chafra, Moez; Tavares, João Manuel R. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74158-1_1

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…It is meaningful to investigate associations between subchondral bone cyst parameters (e.g., number, size, and location) and associated articular degeneration in OA pathology. Finite element analysis is well known and widely accepted in orthopedics ( Bosiakov et al, 2017 ; Trad et al, 2018 ; Bini et al, 2019 ). In this technique, 3D models are used with simulated loads to analyze and predict the outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Subchondral Bone Cysts Cause Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Medial OA of Knee: A 3D Simulation Study

Anwar

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Aims To investigate the impact of subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) in stress-induced osseous and articular variations in cystic and non-cystic knee models using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods 3D knee joint models were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Duplicate 3D models were also created with a 3D sphere mimicking SBCs in medial tibia. Models were divided into three groups. In group A, a non-cystic knee model was used, whereas in groups B and C, SBCs of 4 and 12 mm size were simulated, respectively. Cyst groups were further divided into three sub-groups. Each of sub-group 1 was composed of a solitary SBC in the anterior half of tibia adjacent to joint line. In sub-group 2, a solitary cyst was modeled at a lower-joint location, and in sub-group 3, two SBCs were used. All models were vertically loaded with weights representing double- and single-leg stances. Results During single-leg stance, increase in subchondral bone stress in sub-groups B-1 and B-3 were significant ( p = 0.044, p = 0.026). However, in sub-group B-2, a slight increase was observed than non-cystic knee model (9.93 ± 1.94 vs. 9.35 ± 1.85; p = 0.254). All the sub-groups in group C showed significantly increased articular stress ( p < 0.001). Conversely, a prominent increase in peri-cystic cancellous bone stress was produced by SBCs in groups B and C ( p < 0.001). Mean cartilage shear stress in sub-groups B-1 and B-2 (0.66 ± 0.56, 0.58 ± 0.54) was non-significant ( p = 0.374, p = 0.590) as compared to non-cystic model (0.47 ± 0.67). But paired cysts of the same size (B-3) produced a mean stress of 0.98 ± 0.49 in affected cartilage ( p = 0.011). Models containing 12 mm SBCs experienced a significant increase in cartilage stress ( p = 0.001, p = 0.006, p < 0.001) in sub-groups C-1, C-2, and C-3 (1.25 ± 0.69, 1.01 ± 0.54, and 1.26 ± 0.59), respectively. Conclusion The presence of large-sized SBCs produced an increased focal stress effect in articular cartilage. Multiple cysts further deteriorate the condition by increased osseous stress effect and high tendency of peripheral cyst expansion in simulated cystic knee models than non-cystic knee models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Subchondral Bone Cysts Cause Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Medial OA of Knee: A 3D Simulation Study

Anwar

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Some other studies reviewed the biomechanical behavior of the knee joint and evaluated the use of finite element method in modeling this joint. 43–47 In the study of Fernandes, 48 a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to study the biomechanical behavior of the knee joint after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and to compare the biomechanical changes induced by an isotropic Marlow and an isotropic Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden (HGO) hyperelastic constitutive models when modeling the knee ligaments. The bones were defined as rigid bodies, and the articular cartilage and the menisci were modeled as linear elastic isotropic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element analysis of the effect of high tibial osteotomy correction angle on articular cartilage loading

Trad

Barkaoui

Chafra

et al. 2018

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Osteoarthritis is a globally common disease that imposes a considerable ongoing health and economic burden on the socioeconomic system. As more and more biomechanical factors have been explored, malalignment of the lower limb has been found to influence the load distribution across the articular surface of the knee joint substantially. In this work, a three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of varying the high tibial osteotomy correction angle on the stress distribution in both compartments of the human knee joint. Thereafter, determine the optimal correction angle to achieve a balanced loading between these two compartments. The developed finite element model was validated against experimental and numerical results. The findings of this work suggest that by changing the correction angle from 0° to 10° valgus, high tibial osteotomy shifted the mechanical load from the affected medial compartment to the lateral compartment with intact cartilage. The Von Mises and the shear stresses decreased in the medial compartment and increased in the lateral compartment. Moreover, a balanced stress distribution between the two compartments as well as the desired alignment were achieved under a valgus hypercorrection of 4.5° that significantly unloads the medial compartment, loads the lateral compartment and arrests the progression of osteoarthritis. After comparing the achieved results against the ones of previous studies that explored the effects of the high tibial osteotomy correction angle on either clinical outcomes or biomechanical outcomes, one can conclude that the findings of this study agree well with the related clinical data and recommendations found in the literature.

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“…cruc. ligament 15 Patellar tendon 16,17 Menisci Linear elastic solid 18–21 Articular cartilages 22 Menisci horns Rigid link – 29 , 31 Reference numbers as detailed in Fig. 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study towards shape memory alloys application in orthotic management of pediatric knee lateral deviations

Alonso

Yawny

Bertolino

2023

Sci Rep

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Exerting a constant load would likely improve orthosis effectiveness in treating knee lateral deviations during childhood and early adolescence. Shape memory alloys are potential candidates for such applications due to their so called pseudoelastic effect. The present study aims to quantitatively define the applicable mechanical loads, in order to reduce treatment duration while avoiding tissular damage and patient discomfort. This is essential for performing a more efficient design of correction devices. We use a patient-specific finite elements model of a pediatric knee to determine safe loading levels. The achievable correction rates are estimated using a stochastic three-dimensional growth model. Results are compared against those obtained for a mechanical stimulus decreasing in proportion to the achieved correction, emulating the behavior of conventional orthoses. A constant flexor moment of 1.1 Nm is estimated to change femorotibial angle at a rate of (7.4 ± 4.6) deg/year (mean ± std). This rate is similar to the achieved by more invasive growth modulation methods, and represents an improvement in the order of 25% in the necessary time for reducing deformities of (10 ± 5) deg by half, as compared with conventional orthoses.

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Finite Element Models of the Knee Joint

Cited by 4 publications

References 233 publications

Multiple Subchondral Bone Cysts Cause Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Medial OA of Knee: A 3D Simulation Study

Multiple Subchondral Bone Cysts Cause Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Medial OA of Knee: A 3D Simulation Study

Finite element analysis of the effect of high tibial osteotomy correction angle on articular cartilage loading

A numerical study towards shape memory alloys application in orthotic management of pediatric knee lateral deviations

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