Finite element modelling of the foot for clinical application: A systematic review

Behforootan, Sara; Chatzistergos, Panagiotis; Naemi, Roozbeh; Chockalingam, Nachiappan

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.10.011

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In this study the predictions of SW elastography about the mechanical properties of heel-pad were compared against relevant FE-based measurements using a previously validated technique (Sara Behforootan et al, 2017a). Even though FE modelling has its own limitations and it could not be considered as a "gold standard" method, it is the only method for the non-invasive assessment of invivo mechanical properties of tissues (Akrami et al, 2018;Sara Behforootan et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad

Chatzistergos

Behforootan

Allan

et al. 2018

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study combines non-invasive mechanical testing with finite element (FE) modelling to assess for the first time the reliability of shear wave (SW) elastography for the quantitative assessment of the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad. The heel-pads of five volunteers were compressed using a custom-made ultrasound indentation device. Tissue deformation was assessed from B-mode ultrasound and force was measured using a load cell to calculate the force - deformation graph of the indentation test. These results were used to design subject specific FE models and to inverse engineer the tissue's hyperelastic material coefficients and its stress - strain behavior. SW speed was measured for different levels of compression (from 0% to 50% compression). SW speed for 0% compression was used to assess the initial stiffness of heel-pad (i.e. initial shear modulus, initial Young's modulus). Changes in SW speed with increasing compressive loading were used to quantify the tissue's nonlinear mechanical behavior based on the theory of acoustoelasticity. Statistical analysis of results showed significant correlation between SW-based and FE-based estimations of initial stiffness, but SW underestimated initial shear modulus by 64%(±16). A linear relationship was found between the SW-based and FE-based estimations of nonlinear behavior. The results of this study indicate that SW elastography is capable of reliably assessing differences in stiffness, but the absolute values of stiffness should be used with caution. Measuring changes in SW speed for different magnitudes of compression enables the quantification of the tissue's nonlinear behavior which can significantly enhance the diagnostic value of SW elastography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad

Chatzistergos

Behforootan

Allan

et al. 2018

Journal of Biomechanics

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“… 2016 ; Behforootan et al. 2017 ). The earliest models concentrated on the sagittal plane by using simplified two-dimensional (2D) geometry (Nakamura et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject-specific finite element modelling of the human foot complex during walking: sensitivity analysis of material properties, boundary and loading conditions

Akrami

Qian

Zou

et al. 2017

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The objective of this study was to develop and validate a subject-specific framework for modelling the human foot. This was achieved by integrating medical image-based finite element modelling, individualised multi-body musculoskeletal modelling and 3D gait measurements. A 3D ankle–foot finite element model comprising all major foot structures was constructed based on MRI of one individual. A multi-body musculoskeletal model and 3D gait measurements for the same subject were used to define loading and boundary conditions. Sensitivity analyses were used to investigate the effects of key modelling parameters on model predictions. Prediction errors of average and peak plantar pressures were below 10% in all ten plantar regions at five key gait events with only one exception (lateral heel, in early stance, error of 14.44%). The sensitivity analyses results suggest that predictions of peak plantar pressures are moderately sensitive to material properties, ground reaction forces and muscle forces, and significantly sensitive to foot orientation. The maximum region-specific percentage change ratios (peak stress percentage change over parameter percentage change) were 1.935–2.258 for ground reaction forces, 1.528–2.727 for plantar flexor muscles and 4.84–11.37 for foot orientations. This strongly suggests that loading and boundary conditions need to be very carefully defined based on personalised measurement data.

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“…This study developed a complete foot FE model from an elder woman with bound foot. For a foot FE model, except for the bone tissue modeled in almost all relevant studies, there is a large percent studies included ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue ( Behforootan et al, 2017 ). About half of the existed research involved cartilages in modeling FE foot model ( Behforootan et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a foot FE model, except for the bone tissue modeled in almost all relevant studies, there is a large percent studies included ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue ( Behforootan et al, 2017 ). About half of the existed research involved cartilages in modeling FE foot model ( Behforootan et al, 2017 ). For studies excluded cartilaginous components, they used frictionless contact elements allowing free movements between bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of balancing reliability and time cost, the basic pressure-based validation approach is more advocated and used in the majority of studies ( Behforootan et al, 2017 ). The FE model was validated by comparing plantar pressure distribution and peak pressure obtained from computational prediction in FE software and experimental measurement by a Novel emed pressure platform (Novel, Munich, Germany) in a standing position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cartilage Stiffness Effect on Foot Biomechanics of Chinese Bound Foot: A Finite Element Analysis

Zhang¹,

Awrejcewicz²,

Baker³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cartilage stiffness on inner foot biomechanics of Chinese bound foot while balanced standing using finite element method. A three-dimensional FE model of bound foot involving 28 bones, 72 ligaments, 5 plantar fascia, cartilages, and encapsulated soft tissue was constructed and validated. To conduct the sensitivity analysis of cartilage stiffness, the incremental Young’s modulus of 1, 5, 10, and 15 MPa were assigned to the cartilage. 25% of the body weight was applied to the Achilles tendon to adjust the anterior- posterior displacement of center of pressure agreeable with the measured result. As the Young’s modulus of cartilage increased, the peak von Mises stress in the fifth metatarsal increased obviously, while that in the calcaneus remains unchanged. The plantar fascia experienced reduced total tension with stiffer cartilage. The cartilage stiffening also caused a general increase of contact pressure at mid- and forefoot joints. Cartilage stiffening due to foot binding gave rise to risks of foot pain and longitude arch damage. Knowledge of this study contributes to the understanding of bound foot biomechanical behavior and demonstrating the mechanism of long-term injury and function damage in terms of weight-bearing due to foot binding.

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Finite element modelling of the foot for clinical application: A systematic review

Cited by 46 publications

References 91 publications

Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad

Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad

Subject-specific finite element modelling of the human foot complex during walking: sensitivity analysis of material properties, boundary and loading conditions

Cartilage Stiffness Effect on Foot Biomechanics of Chinese Bound Foot: A Finite Element Analysis

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