Finite element modelling of complex movements during self-sealing of ring incisions in leaves of Delosperma cooperi

Klein, H.; Hesse, Linnéa; Boljen, Matthias; Kampowski, Tim; Butschek, Irina; Speck, Thomas; Speck, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.023

Cited by 16 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…), a rapid self-sealing phase initiates self-repair and restores the functional integrity of the leaf preventing any further loss of stored water from the system. Subsequently, a comparatively slow self-healing phase restores structural integrity and, hence, in part the mechanical properties of the leaf [ 8 , 15 , 16 ]. The quick initial self-sealing phase is of particular interest, as it involves a deformation of the entire leaf rapidly bringing the wound edges into contact and preventing further water loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deformation of D. cooperi leaves during self-sealing differs dependent on the type of wound applied to the leaf. If a longitudinal or transversal cut is applied unilaterally, i.e., only on one side of the leaf, the leaf will bend towards the side of the incision leading to the sealing of the wound [ 15 , 16 ]. If an injury is applied around the circumference of the leaf, the entire leaf will perform a contraction along the leaf axis [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a longitudinal or transversal cut is applied unilaterally, i.e., only on one side of the leaf, the leaf will bend towards the side of the incision leading to the sealing of the wound [ 15 , 16 ]. If an injury is applied around the circumference of the leaf, the entire leaf will perform a contraction along the leaf axis [ 15 , 16 ]. The findings of Dumais and Forterre [ 20 ] (also see Skotheim and Mahadevan [ 21 ]) suggest two mechanisms acting as possible driving forces behind the self-sealing kinematics: hydraulic movements or mechanical instabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of Dumais and Forterre [ 20 ] (also see Skotheim and Mahadevan [ 21 ]) suggest two mechanisms acting as possible driving forces behind the self-sealing kinematics: hydraulic movements or mechanical instabilities. Analytical [ 4 ] and numerical [ 15 ] models have revealed that both mechanical instabilities and hydraulic movements cause the self-sealing deformation of D. cooperi leaves. The mechanical instabilities within the leaf result from growth processes and increased water storage during leaf ontogeny, alternatingly pre-stressing some of the leaf tissues in tension (including the central vascular strand, the net of peripheral vascular bundles with wide-band tracheids and the epidermis) and others in compression (chlorenchyma and hydrenchyma).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, water evaporates from the incision region, reducing the compressive stresses of the parenchyma tissues within the entire leaf as global water flow compensates for the loss of water from leaf tissues in close proximity to the incision. This hydraulic process is predominantly governed by the permeability of tissues and the reflection coefficient (a measure for the selectivity of a membrane towards a given solute) [ 15 ]. During this self-sealing phase of about 60 min, the wound edges are brought together because of relaxation of the compressive and tensile stresses in the individual tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae)

Hesse

Kampowski

Leupold

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Within the Aizoaceae, the genus Delosperma exhibits a vast diversification colonizing various ecological niches in South-Africa and showing evolutionary adaptations to dry habitats that might include rapid self-sealing. Leaves of Delosperma react to external damage by the bending or contraction of the entire leaf until wound edges are brought into contact. A study of leaf morphology and anatomy, biomechanics of entire leaves and individual tissues and self-sealing kinematics after a ring incision under low and high relative humidity (RH) was carried out comparing the closely related species Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis, which are indigenous to semi-arid highlands and regions with an oceanic climate, respectively. For both species, the absolute contractions of the examined leaf segments (“apex”, “incision”, “base”) were more pronounced at low RH levels. Independent of the given RH level, the absolute contractions within the incision region of D. cooperi were significantly higher than in all other segments of this species and of D. ecklonis. The more pronounced contraction of D. cooperi leaves was linked mainly to the elastic properties of the central vascular strand, which is approximately twice as flexible as that of D. ecklonis leaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae)

Hesse

Kampowski

Leupold

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bio‐Inspired Pressure‐Dependent Programmable Mechanical Metamaterial with Self‐Sealing Ability

Ghavidelnia,

Slesarenko,

Speck

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Self‐sealing is one of the fascinating functions in nature that enables living material systems to respond immediately to damage. A prime plant model is Delosperma cooperi, which can rapidly self‐seal damaged succulent leaves by systematically deforming until the wound closes. Inspired by this self‐sealing principle, we have developed a novel programmable mechanical metamaterial that mimics the underlying damage management concept. This material is able to react autonomously to changes in its physical condition caused by an induced damage. To design this ability into the programmable metamaterial, we have developed a permeable unit cell design that can change size depending on the internal pressure. The parameter space and associated mechanical functionality of the unit cell design was simulated and analyzed under periodic boundary conditions and various pressures. We have investigated principles of self‐sealing behavior in designed metamaterials, identified crack closure efficiency for different crack lengths, discuss the limitations of the proposed approach, and experimentally demonstrated successful crack closure in the fabricated metamaterial. Although this study facilitates the first step on the way of integrating new bio‐inspired principles in the metamaterials, the results show how programmable mechanical metamaterials might extend materials design space from pure properties to life‐like abilities.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Learning from Self‐Sealing Deformations of Plant Leaves: The Biomimetic Multilayer Actuator

Becker

Speck

Göppert

et al. 2022

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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During evolution, plants have developed various functional principles for sealing and healing wounds. Prime examples are succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi that seal external injuries within 60 min. Cross sections of intact leaves show a centripetal multilayer structure consisting of five tissues alternately under tensile and compressive prestress. Injuries destroy this mechanical equilibrium causing a deformation of the entire leaf until a new equilibrium is reached, and the wound edges meet, thereby sealing the fissure. Following this functional principle of D. cooperi leaves, a planar three‐layer materials system consisting of a sheet of shape memory polymer (SMP) with programmed temporary geometry sandwiched between two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets is developed. After the individual sheets are bonded at room temperature, the application of heat treatment without mechanical constraints results in a prestressed multilayer system. The damage‐triggered bending behavior of the three‐layer system is described by means of an analytical model and feasibility tests establishing the self‐sealing functionality of the system. Thus, a biomimetic materials system with a self‐sealing function within the framework of a biomimetic biology push process is developed. However, the discussion herein has gone beyond the biological model, because the self‐sealing three‐layer materials system can additionally serve as an actuator.

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Finite element modelling of complex movements during self-sealing of ring incisions in leaves of Delosperma cooperi

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae)

Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae)

Bio‐Inspired Pressure‐Dependent Programmable Mechanical Metamaterial with Self‐Sealing Ability

Learning from Self‐Sealing Deformations of Plant Leaves: The Biomimetic Multilayer Actuator

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