Finite Element Model of Human Skull Used for Head Injury Criteria Assessment

Abstract

Development and validation of detailed 3-D finite element model of human skull used for explicit dynamic simulation of impact conditions is presented in the paper. The FE model is based on the series of computer tomography scans of resolution 512x512 pixels taken in 1mm slices. Fully automated direct generation of the volumetric tetrahedral mesh based on the Marching Cubes Algorithm, Laplacian smoothing and Delaunay tetrahedralisation is used to develop the geometry of both the human skull and the brain.Results obtained using this detailed FE model are compared to experimental results from a standard drop test as well as a simplified version of the skull model based on geometry of a head form used in our experiments. These experiments use a standard metal head form of variable size. Results from both the experimental and numerical modelling will be used to describe possible injury mechanisms and quantify design parameters of protective helmet related to a specific impact event.

Development and validation of an atlas-based finite element brain model

“…Brain tissue is often modeled using a linear viscoelastic material formulation (Takhounts et al 2003; Kimpara et al 2006; Mao et al 2013; Zhang et al 2001a,b; Al-Bsharat et al 1999; Horgan and Gilchrist 2004; Jiroušek et al 2005). The shear relaxation behavior is described by: $$Gfalse(tfalse)=G_{\infty }+false(G_0-G_{\infty }false)\ast e^{-\beta t}$$ where G ∞ is the infinite shear modulus, G 0 is the initial shear modulus, and β is the decay constant.…”

Porohyperelastic anatomical models for hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension

“…7 The material properties used in the model are given in Table 1. 2,16,31,33,42,44,51,52,57,58,61,68 brain loading and boundary conditions…”

“…16,33,44 The material properties of the rest of the compartments of the model (i.e., the falx cerebri and skull) are considered to be linear-elastic materials. Thus, the material properties (Young's modulus, density, and Poisson's ratio) of these compartments came from previous studies 2, 31,34,51,52,57,58,61 (Appendix Fig. 1).…”

Finite element analysis for normal pressure hydrocephalus: The effects of the integration of sulci

“…However, since the brain model is always saturated with incompressible fluid (Poisson's ratio = 0.5), the effective Poisson's ratio of the overall brain model combining solid and fluid elements becomes nearly 0.5, which makes it nearly incompressible material. E p = Young's modulus of the parenchyma (Dutta-Roy et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2005); v p = Poisson's ratio of the parenchyma A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T (Kaczmarek et al, 1997a;Nagashima et al, 1987;Pena et al, 1999); k = permeability (Kaczmarek et al, 1997b); e = void ratio (Nagashima et al, 1987); p  = density of the parenchyma; E f = Young's modulus of the falx cerebri (Jiroušek et al, 2005;Takhounts, 2003); v f = Poisson's ratio of the falx cerebri (Jiroušek et al, 2005;Yoganandan, 1998); t = the thickness (Yoganandan, 1998); f  = density of the falx cerebri (Yoganandan, 1998); E s = Young's modulus of the skull (Jiroušek et al, 2005;Takhounts, 2003); v f = Poisson's ratio of the skull (Jiroušek et al, 2005;Yoganandan, 1998); s  = density of the skull (Yoganandan, 1998).…”