Finite element analysis on the hydrothermal pattern of radiative natural convective nanofluid flow inside a square enclosure having nonuniform heated walls

Abstract

The present article enlightens us on the hydrothermal pattern of a steady incompressible laminar natural convective nanofluid flow inside a heated square chamber.The square enclosure is filled with water-based sphericalshaped ferrous (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles. Magnetic effect and thermal radiation are presumed within the flow. The leftsided vertical wall and one bottom wall of the chamber are nonuniformly and uniformly heated, while the remaining right-sided vertical wall is isothermally cooled at a constant temperature and the upper wall is insulated. A detailed analysis is conducted to exhibit that how nonuniform and uniform heated walls influence flow within the square chamber. The leading dimensional equations are made into a dimensionless form using apposite similarity variables and the Galerkin finite element technique is executed to solve those equations. The grid independence test and a parallel comparison with existing literature are presented to verify the validity of the outcomes. The streamlines, isotherms, temperature, velocities, and average Nusselt number are depicted through several graphs for several parametric values of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, thermal radiation, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The outcomes showed that increasing nanoparticle concentration and Rayleigh number lead to

Effects of different thermal modes of obstacles on the natural convective Al2O3-water nanofluidic transport inside a triangular cavity

“…The transformed leading equations along with precise boundary restrictions are solved by a well-known Galerkin finite element method. [56][57][58]65,66 The domain of solutions is discretized into the domain consisting of several triangular elements. To acquire better accuracy of the desired solution, the mesh density is increased.…”

“…The procedure is well deliberated in Refs. 56–58,65,66. So, the detailed methodological explanations are waived for the brevity of the article.…”

Impacts of different thermal modes of multiple obstacles on the hydrothermal analysis of Fe3O4–water nanofluid enclosed inside a nonuniformly heated cavity

“…where γ signifies the penalty parameter and the large input of λ satisfies Equation ( 11). 29,[55][56][57][58] Equations ( 12) and ( 13) reformulate using (19) as…”

“…≤ . The nonlinear residuals that we receive for the complete domain Ω, after successful insertion of ( 22) inside ( 14), (20), and (21), can be noted as per References [29,[55][56][57][58]:…”

Impact of radiative and dissipative heat on the Williamson nanofluid flow within a parallel channel due to thermal buoyancy

“…He explored the flow pattern due to the conjunction of particle concentration affecting the flow properties. Again Acharya 44–51 and Acharya et al 52 developed his study in various direction by considering nanofluids for the interaction of both metal and oxide nanoparticls. However, the complex governing equations associated with the proposed model are handled by both analytically and numerically.…”