Finite Element Analysis of the Microwave Ablation Method for Enhanced Lung Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Knowledge of the frequency dependence of the dielectric properties of the lung tissues and temperature profiles are essential characteristics associated with the effective performance of microwave ablation. In microwave ablation, the electromagnetic wave propagates into the biological tissue, resulting in energy absorption and providing the destruction of cancer cells without damaging the healthy tissue. As a consequence of the respiratory movement of the lungs, however, the accurate prediction of the microwave ablation zone has become an exceptionally demanding task. For that purpose, numerical modeling remains a primordial tool for carrying out a parametric study, evaluating the importance of the inherent phenomena, and leading to better optimization of the medical procedure. This paper reports on simulation studies on the effect of the breathing process on power dissipation, temperature distribution, the fraction of damage, and the specific absorption rate during microwave ablation. The simulation results obtained from the relative permittivity and conductivity for inflated and deflated lungs are compared with those obtained regardless of respiration. It is shown that differences in the dielectric properties of inflated and deflated lungs significantly affect the time evolution of the temperature and its maximum value, the time, the fraction of damage, and the specific absorption rate. The fraction of damage determined from the degree of tissue injury reveals that the microwave ablation zone is significantly larger under dynamic physical parameters. At the end of expiration, the ablation lesion area is more concentrated around the tip and slot of the antenna, and the backward heating effect is smaller. The diffuse increase in temperature should reach a certain level to destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissue. The obtained results can be used as a guideline for determining the optimal conditions to improve the overall success of microwave ablation.

The Effect of Microwave Ablation Combined with Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody on T Cell Subsets and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients Suffering from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

“…For patients having peripheral lung cancer with tumor diameter < 3 cm, a single-needle ablation can completely inactivate the tumors. However, for tumors with a diameter > 5 cm, many residues remain after treatment, which may lead to tumor recurrence [ 10 ]. Multipoint, multidirectional, and multilevel microwave ablation should be applied to tumors with a diameter ≥ 3 cm, and the inactivation range should be extended to 0.5-1.0 cm beyond the tumor edge as far as possible.…”

An Analysis of Microwave Ablation Parameters for Treatment of Liver Tumors from the 3D-IRCADb-01 Database

“…Both references present 2D axisymmetric calculations only. Most of the existing numerical models of MWA are mainly two-dimensional (2D) axis-symmetric, assuming a homogeneous medium and reducing the problem from three-dimensional (3D) to 2D [ 43 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Investigation of Electrical Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Bonded with Ionic Solutions for Microwave Ablation Systems

“…MWA uses electromagnetic methods to induce tumor destruction using an antenna with frequencies between 900 and 2450 MHz [2][3][4][5]. Nowadays, Microwave ablation effects are investigated applications in many tissues such as liver, lung, spinal cord, muscle, bone and adipose tissue [6][7][8][9]. The biggest problem of microwave ablation is causing collateral damage to surrounding tissues and cells.…”