Finite element analysis of load transition on sacroiliac joint during bipedal walking

Abstract

Shin-ichi izumi 7,8 , eiichi Murakami 2 , Hiroshi ozawa 9 & toshiro ohashi 10 the sacroiliac joint (SiJ) is burdened with variant loads. However, no methods have allowed to measure objectively how the SiJ deforms during bipedal walking. in this study, in-vivo walking conditions were replicated in a kinematic model combining the finite element method with 3D walking analysis data divided into five phases in order to visualize the load transition on the SIJ and clarify the role of the SiJ. Both models with and without inclusion of the SiJ were investigated. in models with bilateral SIJs, the displacement differed greatly between the sacrum and both hip bones on the SIJ as the boundary. the movements of the sacrum involved a nutation movement in the stance phase and a counter-nutation in the swing phase relative to the ilium. in models without SiJs, the displacement of the pelvis and loads of pelvic ligaments decreased, and the equivalent stress of the SiJs increased compared to the model with SiJs. the walking loads cause distortion of the entire pelvis, and stress concentration at the SiJ are seen due to the morphology of the pelvic ring. However, the SiJs help dissipate the resulting stresses, and the surrounding ligaments are likewise involved in load transmission.

Anatomical Joint Form Variation in Sacroiliac Joint Disease: Current Concepts and New Perspectives

“…The male sacral cartilage is typically thinner while the overall joint surface area is greater in males [ 18 ]. Biomechanically, the main role of the SIJ is that of a shock absorber, especially during bipedal walking [ 19 ]. A recent study by Joukar et al investigated differences in joint biomechanics between males and females [ 20 ] in an elaborate computational finite element model of the SIJ—they found higher mobility, mechanical stresses and loads, and ligamentous strains of the female joint.…”

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“…Each movement is the sum of several movements; for example, nutation and counter-nutation are the sum of a rotation and a translation [34]. During the gait cycle, in the oscillation phases where one leg bears the weight of the body, the SIJ is pulled downwards from the side of the free leg and undergoes a counter-nutation, with respect to the ileum; the ileum is lowered from the side of the swinging leg [36]. In the stance phase, the ileum on the side of foot contact is raised with respect to the sacrum, while the latter, passively performs a nutation [36].…”

“…During the gait cycle, in the oscillation phases where one leg bears the weight of the body, the SIJ is pulled downwards from the side of the free leg and undergoes a counter-nutation, with respect to the ileum; the ileum is lowered from the side of the swinging leg [36]. In the stance phase, the ileum on the side of foot contact is raised with respect to the sacrum, while the latter, passively performs a nutation [36]. In the oscillation phases the SIJ moves about 0.3 mm and about 0.6 mm in the support phases [36].…”

“…In the stance phase, the ileum on the side of foot contact is raised with respect to the sacrum, while the latter, passively performs a nutation [36]. In the oscillation phases the SIJ moves about 0.3 mm and about 0.6 mm in the support phases [36]. A study reveals that during the step, there must be an anticipatory movement of the sacral bone to improve the distribution of the body's loads [37].…”

“…We can assume that at the sacral level (including bone) there are the same viscoelastic and mechanical conditions that allow these vital rhythms (heart and respiratory rate) to be cushioned and slowed down, as these variations in tension reach the surface (skin). We must also emphasize the fact that the SIJ joint itself has a high ability to dampen strong mechanical loads, and this joint congruence is another possible piece to understand the dichotomy between palpated rhythms and vital rhythms [36]. Body fluids and neurofluids give the shape and function of solid tissues, and allow the latter to maintain a salutogenic status [47].…”