Finite element analysis of impact and shaking inflicted to a child

Roth, Sébastien; Raul, Jean‐Sébastien; Ludes, Bertrand; Willinger, Rémy

doi:10.1007/s00414-006-0129-3

Cited by 98 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Coats et al 9 constructed a 1.5-month-old infant head FE model and conducted a parametric study to investigate the relative importance of brain material and anatomical variations in suture and scalp on head responses during short falls. Roth et al 25,27 developed a 6-month-old child head model to simulate injuries due to shaking and fall accidents. The same group also developed a 3-year-old child head model to reconstruct 25 fall accidents 26,29 and a 17-day-old child head model to reconstruct a child fall accident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations

Reed

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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In this study, a statistical model of cranium geometry for 0- to 3-month-old children was developed by analyzing 11 CT scans using a combination of principal component analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Radial basis function was used to morph the geometry of a baseline child head finite element (FE) model into models with geometries representing a newborn, a 1.5-month-old, and a 3-month-old infant head. These three FE models were used in a parametric study of near-vertex impact conditions to quantify the sensitivity of different material parameters. Finally, model validation was conducted against peak head accelerations in cadaver tests under different impact conditions, and optimization techniques were used to determine the material properties. The results showed that the statistical model of cranium geometry produced realistic cranium size and shape, suture size, and skull/suture thickness, for 0- to 3-month-old children. The three pediatric head models generated by morphing had mesh quality comparable to the baseline model. The elastic modulus of skull had a greater effect on most head impact response measurements than other parameters. Head geometry was a significant factor affecting the maximal principal stress of the skull (p = 0.002) and maximal principal strain of the suture (p = 0.021) after controlling for the skull material. Compared with the newborn head, the 3-month-old head model produced 6.5% higher peak head acceleration, 64.8% higher maximal principal stress, and 66.3% higher strain in the suture. However, in the skull, the 3-month-old model produced 25.7% lower maximal principal stress and 11.5% lower strain than the newborn head. Material properties of the brain had little effects on head acceleration and strain/stress within the skull and suture. Elastic moduli of the skull, suture, dura, and scalp determined using optimization techniques were within reported literature ranges and produced impact response that closely matched those measured in previous cadaver tests. The method developed in this study made it possible to investigate the age effects from geometry changes on pediatric head impact responses. The parametric study demonstrated that it is important to consider the material properties and geometric variations together when estimating pediatric head responses and predicting head injury risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations

Reed

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…Material properties implemented in the model were taken from the literature and were described in our previous paper [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to study the influence of the size of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins, a finite element analysis has been preformed. Finite element models have previously been described in the field of forensic sciences and have already been used by Roth et al to compare a shaking event and an impact using a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study

et al. 2008

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There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is "benign" enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.

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“…Most likely and intuitively compelling is a pattern of repeated severe acceleration-deceleration injury to the vitreous, paralleling that believed to be responsible for the intracranial injuries [99]. The resulting stress forces cause vitreoretinal tractional trauma to the retina and its blood vessels and thus lead to RH [50, 103,123], retinoschisis [28,51], and retinal folds [28,77]. In adults, similar acceleration-deceleration mechanisms in various circumstances, ranging from emergency aircraft ejection [74] to bungee jumping [17,21,31,58,59,109,118], have been reported to cause RH.…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

2008

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Retinal and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages are an essential part of the various forms of inflicted neurotrauma in infants, especially in its most common variant, the shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Clinically, ophthalmologists play an important part for the diagnosis and further management of patients with SBS. For the forensic pathologist, a thorough understanding of the basic principles behind the morphological phenomena commonly encountered in the orbita is required. This review summarizes the present knowledge of ocular pathology in inflicted infantile neurotrauma, focusing strongly on SBS. Furthermore, a review of the most recent literature on the subject is given.

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Finite element analysis of impact and shaking inflicted to a child

Cited by 98 publications

References 23 publications

Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations

Development, Validation, and Application of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Impact Simulations

Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

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