Finite Element Analysis of External, Middle and Inner Ear under Loads through Temporomandibular Joint

Abstract

A structural analysis model including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles and cochlea was made. Loads through the TMJ were applied to this model in three-dimensional finite element analysis. It became clear that stress concentration occurred at the lower portion of the external auditory canal, superior tympanic portion (attic), incus long crus, stapes crus and inlet of cochlea. The lower portion of the external auditory canal and attic are favourite sites of cholesteatoma (pearl tumour). Incus long crus and stapes crus are favourite sites of auditory ossicular defects, which are the cause of otitis media. Damage of the cochlea entrance causes high-frequency hearing loss which is age-related.