Finite element analysis of a healthy knee joint at deep squatting for the study of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact

Kothurkar, Rohan; Lekurwale, Ramesh; Gad, Mayuri; Rathod, Chasanal

doi:10.1016/j.jor.2023.04.016

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Finite element (FE) analysis allows us to analyze intricate boundary conditions and loading. In recent advancements in this field, several biomechanical studies employing FE analysis have provided valuable insights into the muscle moment arms associated with dynamic joint motion and mechanical loading in various joints, including the shoulder, ( 14 ) lower extremity, ( 15 ) and foot. ( 16 ) However, the spinal column comprises multiple contiguous vertebrae flanked by intervertebral discs and facet joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Load Transmission Induces Facet Joint Subchondral Sclerosis and Hypertrophy in Patients with Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis: Evaluation Using Finite Element Model and Surgical Specimen

Yahara,

Seki,

Makino

et al. 2023

JBMR Plus

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with thoracic curvature primarily progresses from the thoracolumbar region, causing abnormal twisting and rotation of the spinal column. This results in unbalanced, asymmetric loads on each vertebrae and increased demands on the thoracic facet joints to withstand rotational stress from adjacent vertebrae. However, no studies have focused on the stress distribution on the facet joints of the thoracic spine in patients with AIS. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical loading and its distribution on the thoracic facet joints of AIS patients using finite element (FE) analysis and surgical specimens. FE models of the thoracic spine were created from a total of 13 female AIS patients (Lenke type 1, n = 4; Lenke type 2, n = 4; Lenke type 3, n = 5). A load of 200 N on the T3 vertebrae and 30 N each on the bilateral superior articular processes were applied vertically to quantify the contact force on the facet joints from T3 to T11. In addition, morphological and histological analyses were performed on the inferior articular processes obtained during surgery. FE analysis demonstrated that contact forces of the facet joint progressively increased from the mid to lower thoracic spine of the concave side, reaching a maximum around the apex. More than 91% of the load was transmitted by the facet joints at the concave side, resulting in facet joint subchondral sclerosis and hypertrophy. The apical facet joint in AIS helps counteract rotational stress between vertebrae and transfers most stress through the concave side. In conclusion, this study found that asymmetric load transfer in the facet joints leads to subchondral sclerosis and hypertrophy. These findings can enhance our understanding of the stress loading on facet joints and the resulting biological changes and help clarify the mechanisms involved in scoliosis progression. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%