Finite element analysis in 3-D models of equine cheek teeth

Cordes, V; Gardemin, M.; Lüpke, Matthias; Seifert, H; Borchers, Lothar; Staszyk, Carsten

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.013

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In all 3-D models the tooth was assumed to consist of one homogenous material, while when constructing the jaw bone a separation into cortical alveolus (lamina dura), cancellous bone and compact bone was made. The PDL, connecting the tooth with the surrounding cortical alveolus, was built uniformly around the tooth except for periodontal parts around the apical region of the tooth and under the root-bi-/trifurcation, which were segmented as different, modified materials [11]. Surface and volume meshes, necessary for finite element analyses, were generated out of the 3-D models as described by Lüpke et al (2010) [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus this value was specifically determined by intrusive movement experiments for each of the used models as described elsewhere [11]. Due to the viscoelastic properties of the PDL [23-25] a non-linear elastic behavior was proven.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results will hopefully give useful contributions for understanding the etiology of periodontal diseases. These calculations were generated on the basis of our previously established finite element models of equine maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth [11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Cordes

Lüpke²,

Gardemin³

et al. 2012

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn equine dentistry periodontal diseases, especially periapical inflammation, are frequently occurring problems. Anachoresis is believed to be the most common cause for the development of such disorders. Nevertheless, there is still no substantiated explanation why settlement of pathogen microorganisms occurs in equine periodontal tissues. It is expected that excessive strains and stresses occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the horse’s chewing cycle might be a predisposing factor. In this study this assumption was examined by finite element (FE) analyses on virtual 3-D models of equine maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, established on the basis of μCT datasets. Calculations were conducted both under conditions of closing and power stroke.ResultsResults showed a uniform distribution of low stresses and strain energy density (SED) during closing stroke, whereas during power stroke an occurrence of high stresses and SED could be observed in the PDL near the alveolar crest and in periapical regions.ConclusionThe concentration of forces during power stroke in these specific areas of the PDL may cause local tissue necrosis and inflammation and thus establish a suitable environment for the settlement of microorganisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Cordes

Lüpke²,

Gardemin³

et al. 2012

BMC Vet Res

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“…Selected equine groups of different ages were chosen in our study as dental changes can be influenced by morphological, functional and mechanical changes, which occur with increasing age [ 47 ]: Equine cheek teeth show second dentition and real longitudinal growth up to the horse’s age of five years (Group A in the current study); afterwards, the tooth length decreases as teeth are pulled out of the alveoli in the oral direction and the cheek teeth abrasion continues (Group B in our study: 6–15 years) [ 48 , 49 ]. In older horses (Group C from an age of 15 years onwards), cheek teeth have an exposition to higher dental forces [ 50 ]. All these aspects might influence changes of dental structures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

et al. 2017

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BackgroundModern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the advantage of producing images without superimposition. Whilst CT is a well-established technique for dental diagnostics, MRI examinations are rarely used for the evaluation of dental diseases in horses. Regarding equine endodontic therapies which are increasingly implemented, MRI could help to portray changes of the periodontal ligament and display gross pulpar anatomy. Knowledge of age-related changes is essential for diagnosis, as cheek teeth and surrounding structures alter with increasing age. The aim of the present study was to highlight the advantages of CT and MRI regarding age-related changes in selected equine cheek teeth and their adjacent structures.ResultsThe CT and MRI appearances of the maxillary 08 s and 09 s and adjacent structures were described by evaluation of post-mortem examinations of nine horses of different ages (Group A: <6 years, B: 6–15 years, C: ≥16 years). Most of the tissues selected were imaged accurately with MRI and CT. Magnetic resonance imaging gives an excellent depiction of soft endo- and periodontal units, and CT of hard dental and bony tissues. Negative correlation between dental age and pulpar sizes was found: 71.3% of the changes in pulp dimensions can be explained by teeth aging. Pulpar sizes ranged from 14.3 to 1.3 mm and were significantly smaller in older horses (p < 0.05). A common pulp chamber was present in 33% of the teeth with a mean dental age of 2.25 years. Ninety-four percent of the 08 and 09 alveoli of all groups were in direct contact with the maxillary sinus. An age-related regression was found (R2 = 0.88) for the distance between alveoli and the infraorbital canal.ConclusionsThe present study provides information about the dental and periodontal age-related morphology and its visibility using different imaging techniques. These results aid in evaluating diagnostic images and in deciding which is the superior imaging modality for clinical cases.

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“…Sahara (2014) concluded that the coronal cementum of horse cheek teeth is a multistructural and multifunctional tissue and is a major structural component of the occlusal surface area allowing distribution of forces from mastication and helps prevent enamel fracture. In addition, the study of tensile stress of equine cheek teeth periodontal ligament using finite element (FE) on 3D models showed an increase in intrusion with increasing age due to age-related changes in the periodontium but well within suggested periodontal ligament ultimate tensile stress (Cordes et al 2012).…”

Section: Anatomy Of Equine Periodontiummentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical and microbiological aspects of periodontal disease in horses in South-East Queensland, Australia

Chinkangsadarn¹

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The study of periodontal disease as part of equine dentistry is one of the overlooked fields of study, which truly needs more study and research to clearly understand the nature of the disease, the most appropriate diagnostic technique and prevention or treatment to provide for a good quality of life for horses.The abattoir survey of the oral cavity and dentition of 400 horses from SouthEast Queensland, Australia, showed that the most common dental abnormality was sharp enamel points (55.3% prevalence). Several types of dental abnormalities were strongly associated with age. The highest frequency of dental abnormalities (97.5%) were observed in senior horses (11-15 years old) and this included periodontal disease that increased to almost fifty percent in senior horses. The findings also confirmed that all horses, not just young horses, should have regular complete dental examinations as early as possible which should limit the development of more severe dental pathologies later in life.The equine oral microbiome found in dental plaque can cause oral disease which involves the some of the endogenous oral microbiota becoming opportunistic pathogens. The conventional method of oral microbiology based on culture dependent techniques usually overestimates the significance of species that are easily grown and overlooks microbial community diversity. Recently, the culture independent techniques using the next generation sequencing (NGS) method can determine the whole bacterial microbiota. The results from culture dependent and NGS method of analysis of healthy gingiva and periodontitis samples showed that the most common Genera isolated were Prevotella and Porphyromonas without a statistical significance in bacterial diversity, between the control and periodontitis groups. In conclusion, equine bacterial diversity between the healthy and periodontitis groups were similar which is different from other animals and this may be due to factors such as dentition, feed type and husbandry.The standard approach for diagnosis of equine periodontal disease (EPD) is based on clinical dental examination but to evaluate the current stage of disease and for further treatment planning, auxiliary aids such radiography are required. Equine dental radiography has been largely restricted to extraoral techniques by the standard equine radiography technology and the complexity of equine head anatomy. In III addition, superimposition and distortion of the cheek teeth arcade is a major problem for radiographic interpretation. Intraoral radiography has been largely ignored in horses, due to the uncooperative nature of these patients and the absence of dedicated technology unsuitable for equine oral radiography. In this study, radiographic images from seven horse heads obtained using a commercially available equine intraoral computed radiography system (IO-CR) and 3D imaging from computed tomography file sets were reviewed. IO-CR has shown potential as a diagnostic tool where key pathological lesions of EPD of the cheek teeth were demon...

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Finite element analysis in 3-D models of equine cheek teeth

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth

Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

Clinical and microbiological aspects of periodontal disease in horses in South-East Queensland, Australia

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